数字灵工之困:从“平台劳动”沦为“家务劳动”的遮蔽机制  

Dilemma of Digital Spiritual Laborers:Obscuration Mechanism in Degrading From"Platform Labor"to"Housework Labor"

作　　者：李文冰[1] 高扬乔 Li Wenbing;Gao Yangqiao

机构地区：[1]浙江传媒学院新闻与传播学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《传媒观察》2025年第3期74-83,共10页Media Observer

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“融媒体环境下互联网平台型企业现代治理模式研究”(20&ZD321)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着数字化进程的持续推进和平台经济的深入发展,一批以脑力、精神和情感劳动为核心的“数字灵工”在社交媒体和视频平台上大量涌现。算法在辅助平台提升劳动管理效率的同时,也缔造了围困数字灵工文化生产的系统。本文以B站UP主的平台创作实践为研究案例,考察算法使数字灵工“平台劳动”沦为“家务劳动”的遮蔽机制及由此带来的数字灵工文化生产之困。研究发现,算法通过雇主遮蔽和“自雇佣”模糊劳动关系,通过算法“黑箱”隐匿劳动管理,通过算法规训使文化生产成为“自愿”劳动;算法遮蔽机制使数字灵工陷入情感付出沉没、身体过劳、自主权削弱以及维权艰难等多重困境;平台也在优质创作者离场、内容生态受损、社区氛围恶化的环境中受到反噬。鉴于此,需要平台、平台创作者、监管者等利益相关方联动,从规制算法入手,进而达到对平台的规制,在多方协作参与算法建构中实现平台系统健康发展。As digitalization advances and the platform economy deepens,a growing number of"digital laborers"engaged in intellectual,mental,and emotional labor have emerged on social media and video platforms.While algorithms help platforms improve labor management efficiency,they also create systems that constrain the cultural production of digital laborers.This paper uses the platform creation practices of Bilibili"uploaders"as a case study to explore how algorithms obscure the transformation of digital laborers'"platform labor"into"household labor"and the associated challenges in digital labor culture production.The study reveals that algorithms obscure labor relations by concealing the role of employers and promoting"self-employment,"hide labor management through algorithmic"black boxes,"and reframe cultural production as"voluntary"labor through algorithmic discipline.This algorithmic concealment mechanism traps digital laborers in various dilemmas,including emotional investment loss,physical overwork,diminished autonomy,and difficulty in defending their rights.Platforms also face consequences such as the departure of quality creators,damage to the content ecosystem,and a deteriorating community atmosphere.Given these issues,it is essential for stakeholders—including platforms,creators,and regulators—to collaborate,starting with the regulation of algorithms.Ultimately,this cooperation should aim to regulate platforms and foster the healthy development of platform systems through joint efforts in algorithm design and oversight.

关 键 词：数字灵工 文化生产 算法机制 平台规制 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]