马克思的内生货币思想——基于货币类型和理论结构的综合性探讨  

Marx's Endogenous Monetary Thought:A Comprehensive Exploration Based on Currency Types and Theoretical Structures

作　　者：王瑶[1] Wang Yao(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,100836

出　　处：《经济思想史学刊》2025年第1期87-115,共29页Bulletin of the History of Economic Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“马克思主义经济学几个重要理论的理性重建及其当代价值研究”(批准号:22BKS022)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思由于敏锐地洞察出货币数量论与劳动价值论之间存在着内在冲突,以致否定其价值理论前驱李嘉图的古典货币数量论思想,转而青睐银行学派以图克和富拉顿为代表的内生货币论观点。通过对马克思所处时代英国货币制度和货币类型的梳理和分析,本文发现以英镑为代表的同一种货币由于在不同历史阶段既可以充当信用货币又可以充当法定货币,从而能够遵循不同的货币流通规律。应用文本学的研究方法,本文构建了马克思的内生货币分析框架,研究发现:第一,马克思试图根据真实票据原理构造货币回流和资本运动相统一的货币理论,以便将劳动价值论和内生货币论联为一体;第二,马克思早于凯恩斯发现了“流动性陷阱”现象,并从货币的信用等级和偏好逆转层面以及金属货币和信用货币的回流机制差异角度分析了其深层原因;第三,马克思提出了信用货币和法定货币分别适用于内生货币论和货币数量论的创造性见解。从当前的时代价值来看,马克思的内生货币思想对我国宏观经济政策和金融工作具有重要的指导意义。Marx,due to his keen insight into the inherent conflict between the quantity theory of money and the labor theory of value,rejected the classical quantity theory of money proposed by his predecessor,David Ricardo.Instead,he favored the endogenous monetary theory of the Banking School represented by Thomas Tooke and John Fullarton.Through reviewing and analyzing the monetary system and types of currency in Britain during Marx's era,this article finds that the same currency represented by the pound can serve as both credit currency and legal currency at different historical stages,thus following different laws of currency circulation.Using the research methods of textual studies,this article constructs Marx's endogenous monetary analysis framework.Research has found that firstly,Marx attempted to unify the reflux of money with capital movement based on the real bills doctrine to integrate the labor theory of value with endogenous monetary theory.Secondly,Marx discovered the phenomenon of the“liquidity trap”before Keynes and analyzed its underlying reasons from the perspectives of the credit rating and preference reversal of currency as well as the differences in the reflux mechanism between metallic currency and credit currency.Thirdly,Marx put forward the creative insight that credit currency and legal currency are applicable to the endogenous monetary theory and the quantity theory of money respectively.From the perspective of current era values,Marx's endogenous monetary thought holds significant guiding sense for China's macroeconomic policies and financial work.

关 键 词：内生货币 真实票据原理 回流定律 法定货币 通货学派 银行学派 

分 类 号：F820[经济管理—财政学]