从根据地到解放区——中国革命的进路  

From the Resistance Base to the Liberated Area:The Path of the Chinese Revolution

作　　者：桑兵 Sang Bing

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史学院

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2025年第1期55-80,M0003,M0004,共28页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：作为农村包围城市的重要战略支撑,根据地发生于秋收起义后的“上山”,形成于罗霄山脉中段。由根据地建设苏维埃政权而来的苏区,一开始就存在是长期斗争的依托还是全面决战的保障两种不同的预期,由此产生波浪式扩大或争取一省数省首先胜利的两条路线。分歧的根源,在于如何看待中国革命进程中城乡的地位与作用。中国革命的长期性决定了建立在广大农村的根据地,必须也有条件在相当长的时期内成为巩固的战略依托。多数根据地的丧失意味着“左”倾路线急于夺取大城市的冒进,欲速不达。抗日战争时期,根据地建设全面实现了从军事到政治的理论完善和实践完成。随着中共的力量发展壮大到实力领导地位,从“根据地”到“解放区”的名称变更,包含对日本帝国主义的民族解放和对国民党统治的人民解放的双重意义,同时也是中共领导城乡全域的全国革命胜利的起点。As a crucial strategic pillar of“Encircling the Cities from the Countryside,”the establishment of Resistance Baseso ccurred during the Mountain Guerrilla Warfare following the Autumn Harvest Uprising and took shape in the mid-section of the Luoxiao Mountains.The Soviet Areas,born from the construction of a Soviet Regime within these Resistance Bases,initially faced two divergent expectations:whether they would serve as long-term footholds for protracted struggle or as guarantees for an all-out decisive battle.This gave rise to two conflicting lines:one advocating gradual expansion and the other pushing for immediate victories in several major cities.The root of this divergence lay in differing views on the roles of urban and rural areas in the Chinese revolutionary process.The protracted nature of the Chinese revolution dictated that Base Areas,established across vast countryside regions,must remain strategic strongholds for an extended period.The loss of most Resistance Bases signified the failure of rash policies aimed at hastily capturing major cities.During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the construction of Resistance Bases underwent comprehensive theoretical refinement,spanning military and political dimensions.As the Communist Party of China grew in strength,the renaming from“Resistance Base”to“Liberated Area”carried dual significance:liberation from Japanese aggression and emancipation from Kuomintang rule.It also marked the starting point for the CPC-led nationwide revolutionary victory,integrating urban and rural struggles.

关 键 词：根据地 解放区 中共中央 毛泽东 大革命 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]