财政压力如何影响地方民生支出效率?——基于中国279个城市的经验研究  

How Does Fiscal Pressure Affect the Efficiency of Local Livelihood Expenditure?Based on Empirical Study of 279 Cities in China

作　　者：赵为民[1] 王德慧 ZHAO Weimin;WANG Dehui(School of Economics,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学经济学院,安徽合肥230601

出　　处：《合肥工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期92-103,118,共13页Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BJY026)。

摘　　要：基于2015-2021年全国279个城市的面板数据,实证分析了财政纵向失衡调节作用下财政压力对民生支出效率的影响。结果显示:财政压力促进了民生支出效果的提升,但两者呈“倒U型”关系,当财政压力超过4.250时,其对民生支出效率的影响由促进转为抑制;财政纵向失衡对财政压力促进民生支出效率具有负向调节作用。进一步分析表明,财政压力对民生支出效率的影响效应在不同财政自给率及不同政府竞争强度下呈现出异质性,高政府竞争强度地区的财政压力最优边界大于低政府竞争强度地区。此外,对分项民生支出效率的研究发现,地方政府在面对财政压力时的策略性行为导致福利性的医疗卫生支出效率受到削弱。文章据此从优化财政压力应对策略、完善央地财政关系、构建良性竞争秩序等方面提出了政策建议。Based on the panel data from 279 cities in China from 2015 to 2021,this study empirically analyzes the impact of fiscal pressure on the efficiency of livelihood expenditure under the adjustment of vertical fiscal imbalance.The results show that fiscal pressure contributes to the improvement of the efficiency of livelihood expenditure,but there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between them.When fiscal pressure exceeds 4.250,its impact on the efficiency of livelihood expenditure shifts from promoting to inhibiting.Vertical fiscal imbalance has a negative regulatory effect on promoting the efficiency of livelihood expenditure under fiscal pressure.Further analysis shows that the impact of fiscal pressure on the efficiency of livelihood expenditure exhibits heterogeneity under different levels of fiscal self-sufficiency and government competition intensity.The optimal boundary of fiscal pressure in regions with high government competition intensity is greater than that in regions with low government competition intensity.In addition,research on the efficiency of sub-items regarding livelihood expenditure finds that the strategic behavior of local governments in the face of fiscal pressure has weakened the efficiency of welfare-based healthcare expenditure.On this basis,some suggestions are proposed,including optimizing fiscal pressure response strategies,improving the fiscal relationship between central and local governments,and building a healthy competitive order.

关 键 词：财政压力 民生支出效率 财政纵向失衡 地方政府竞争 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]