公司法中停止请求权的法律构造  

Legal Construction of Injunctive Remedies in Corporate Law

作　　者：李卓卓 Li Zhuozhuo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2025年第2期38-54,共17页Global Law Review

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“法治化营商环境建设法律问题研究”(22JJD820018)的研究成果。

摘　　要：在新修订的《公司法》扩张董事会职权的背景下,纠正法定代表人、执行公司事务的董事或高级管理人员不法行为的停止请求权,是强化公司利益与股东利益保护的重要措施,有助于督促管理层勤勉尽职、妥善行使经营管理权。基于纠正不法行为以保护公司利益或股东利益的秩序要求、责任法的损害预防功能和司法介入公司治理的有限合理性,公司法应引入停止请求权。依权利归属,公司法中的停止请求权可分为通过公司监督机关和代表诉讼行使的公司的停止请求权,以及基于股东权利、通过直接诉讼行使的股东的停止请求权,前者的解释论进路为管理机关说及公司法权力分配秩序,后者应借助立法予以确立。在公司面临重大或不可回复的损害时,监事、非执行公司事务的董事以及股东等主体可以请求法院停止法定代表人、执行公司事务的董事或高级管理人员的不法行为。Based on the requirements of private law order to rectify wrongful acts and protect the interests of companies and their shareholders, the damage-prevention function of liability law, and the limited reasonableness of judicial intervention, the Chinese company law should introduce the right to seek injunctive relief. This right to injunctive relief in company law encompasses both derivative claims for injunctive relief based on the rights of the company and direct claims for injunctive relief based on shareholders' own rights. For derivative claims, the appropriate normative approach lies in recognizing the authority of management and the legal order of established distribution of power in company law. China can achieve this through judicial interpretations of its company law. This proposed approach differs from Article 111 of the 1993 Company Law. When a company has established supervisory organs or institutions, those supervisory organs or institutions may exercise the company's right to seek injunctive relief. If shareholders meet the requirements for bringing a derivative action, they may also exercise the right to seek injunctive relief on behalf of the company. As for direct claims, it is not appropriate for China to introduce a general right to direct injunctive relief based on the exercise of shareholders' own rights. Instead, the function of shareholder remedies should be realized through the existing system of remedies for shareholder oppression. However, in specific areas that affect shareholders' interests, such as the authorized issuance of shares, legislations may be considered to introduce a special type of direct claim for injunctive relief, directly exercised by shareholders based on the harm to their rights and interests. With respect to derivative claims for injunctive relief in company law, the claimant acts on behalf of the company to exercise the company's right to seek such relief. Specifically, in companies with a supervisory board and without an audit committee, the supervisors and shareh

关 键 词：停止请求权 董事义务 经营管理权 监督权 行为保全 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]