生育力保存立法的理论证成与规范建构  

Theoretical Justification and Norm Construction of Fertility Preservation Legislation

作　　者：吴梓源 Wu Ziyuan

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2025年第2期135-149,共15页Global Law Review

基　　金：2024年度国家社会科学基金“现代生命技术风险的法律规制研究”(24CFX056)的研究成果。

摘　　要：生育力保存,即通过手术、药物或实验室技术为存在不育风险的主体提供帮助,保护其产生遗传学后代的能力。生育力保存立法的理论证成,是在技术具备可行性的前提下,对其在法律评价上是否具备正当性进行反思。将人的价值期望内化于技术的价值合理性,可以从三个层次为生育力保存立法提供理论支撑。首先,从主体对子嗣繁衍的需要、对身体的正当支配、对基因复制的理性偏好中可以发现,生育力保存有助于实现主体权利。其次,对容许双重效应行为、子女最佳利益原则、双系抚养更有利于子女身心健康成长进行阐释,可以发现生育力保存的立法保护并未影响抑或阻碍关联主体权利的行使,其负载的功能也有助于现实困境的纾解。最后,从社会公共善的角度出发,生育力保存的立法保护也不会导致对尊严贬损的困扰,相关立法的完善也将推进医疗资源的配置正义并与人口老龄化、少子化背景下鼓励和支持生育的国家政策相契合。面对生育力保存这一复杂议题,只有明晰程序伦理与实质伦理,从整体性控制走向分阶段控制,才能进一步推进生育力保存立法的全面、系统和科学建构。Fertility preservation(FP) refers to the provision of assistance to individuals at risk of infertility through surgical, pharmacological, or laboratory techniques to protect their capacity for producing genetic offspring. The theoretical justification of FP legislation is, in essence, reflections on the legitimacy of the legislation in terms of legal evaluation when the technology is feasible in practice, aiming to enhance both the rationality of technical practice in terms of value and purpose and its structural-functional scientificity. Internalizing the value expectations of humans into the value rationality of technology provides a three-tier theoretical justification for lifting FP legislative restrictions. Firstly, from the perspectives of the need for procreating, bodily autonomy, and preferences for gene replication of individual human beings, lifting FP legislative restrictions facilitates the realization of the rights and upholds the subjective autonomy of the individual. Secondly, by recognizing permissible double effect actions, interpreting the principle of the best interests of the child, and reflecting on advantages of biparental care for achieving complete virtue, we can see that lifting FP legislative restrictions does not affect or impede the exercise of the rights of the subjects concerned and its functioning contributes to the alleviation of the real dilemma. Finally, from the perspective of the common good, lifting FP legislative restrictions will not lead to a parallel community or dignity depreciation. The improvement of relevant legislation promotes distributive justice in medical resource allocation, serving as a strategic response to and an integral component of the measure for dealing with low fertility rates and population aging while maintaining demographic stability and social harmony. To address this complex issue, a balance should be maintained between the different rights of individuals, between the rights of an individual and rights of groups concerned, and between rights of indi

关 键 词：生育力保存 主体性 社会公正 公共善 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]