新兰克学派与19、20世纪之交德国史学发展动向  

The Neo-Rankean School and the Development Trends of German Historiography at the Turn of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

作　　者：柏悦[1] Bai Yue

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,710127

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2025年第1期119-132,160,共15页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“德国新兰克学派史学家群体研究”(项目编号:20CSS003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19、20世纪之交,一批被称为新兰克学派的史学家一跃成为德国史学主流。新兰克学派标榜以“复兴兰克史学”为己任。依据兰克的政治外交史书写范式,他们以国家本位导向为史学路径,极力佐证德意志帝国进行海军主义和殖民扩张的正确性。新兰克学派有选择地执行兰克客观主义史学原则,对民族、国家与世界的理解更加体现为现实服务的一面。新兰克学派在与兰普莱希特的争论中,极力排斥从社会、经济、文化等多层面解释德国历史,维护德国传统史学权威。新兰克学派面对国内外新史学的强劲冲击,发表了一系列考证严密、史料扎实的论著,捍卫了传统史学的地位。At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, a group of historians known as the “Neo-Rankean School” became the mainstream in German historiography. They claimed the “revival of Rankean historiography” as their task. Adhering to Ranke's paradigm of political-diplomatic history writing, they took a state-oriented approach to historiography and made great efforts to justify the German Empire's navalism and colonial expansion. They selectively applied Ranke's principles of objective historiography,demonstrating a more pragmatic understanding of the nation, the state, and the world oriented more toward serving contemporary realities. In their debates with Karl Lamprecht, these scholars strongly rejected the interpretation of German history from broader perspectives such as the social, economic, and cultural,upholding the authority of traditional German historiography. Facing the strong impact of the new historiography of home and abroad, they published works with rigorous evidence and solid historical materials, defending the position of traditional historiography.

关 键 词：新兰克学派 兰克史学 德国史学 兰普莱希特争论 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]