克罗齐历史哲学与近代日本国史学的思想转向——以平泉澄和羽仁五郎为中心  

Benedetto Croce's Philosophy of History and the Ideological Turn in Modern Japanese National Historiography:Focusing on Hiraizumi Kiyosi and Hani Gorō

作　　者：陈宇 Chen Yu

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,300071

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2025年第1期133-149,160,共18页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“多维视角下的日本现代化专题研究”(项目编号:22JJD770040)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：日本的实证史学在大正时代遭遇了困境。大正、昭和之交,羽仁五郎和平泉澄把克罗齐历史哲学介绍到日本,以此为起点批判实证史学。此后,平泉简单粗暴地解释“哲学和历史的同一”的内涵,把“国体”论证为日本历史的原理,走向皇国史观。羽仁五郎则将主观唯心主义的“一切真历史都是当代史”改造为立足于客观物质性存在的理论,从而走向马克思主义唯物史观。在这一过程中,克罗齐历史哲学既间接促使日本国史学界形成实证史学、皇国史观和唯物史观的“三足鼎立”,也作为关键契机之一推动了日本国史学的意识形态化。During the Taisho period, Japanese empirical research faced a dilemma in its development. At the turn of the Taisho-Showa period, Hani Gorō and Hiraizumi Kiyosi introduced Benedetto Croce's philosophy of history to Japan, which was the starting point for criticizing positivist historiography. Since then, Hiraizumi Kiyosi adopted a simplistic interpretation of “the unity of philosophy and history. ” He regarded the “kokutai” as the principle of Japanese history, falling into the trap of an emperor-centered view of Japanese national historiography. Hani Gorō, on the other hand, transformed the subjective idealism of “every true history is contemporary history” into a theory based on objective material existence, moving towards the Marxist materialistic view of history. In this process, Croce's historical philosophy not only indirectly contributed to the formation of a “threefold structure” in Japanese national history, including positivist historiography, imperialist view of history, and historical materialism among Japanese historians, but also served as one of the key catalysts to promote the ideological turn within Japanese national historiography.

关 键 词：克罗齐 平泉澄 羽仁五郎 国史学 皇国史观 唯物史观 

分 类 号：K313.2[历史地理—历史学]