婚姻学历匹配模式与夫妻收入之间的关系研究  

Research on the Relationship Between Marriage Educational Pairings and Couples' Incomes

作　　者：于潇[1] 张凌云[1] Yu Xiao;Zhang Lingyun

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚学院

出　　处：《社会发展研究》2025年第1期105-123,M0005,共20页Journal of Social Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“东北地区超低生育率水平研究”(项目编号:19BRK028,主持人:孙晓霞);2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中国边境地区人口‘空心化’的发展态势及治理研究”(项目编号:21YJC840021,主持人:孙悦)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：教育扩张促使女性学历不断提升,两性教育差距缩小,婚姻中的学历匹配模式随之发生显著变化。妻子学历向上婚的婚配模式逐渐式微,学历同质婚和妻子学历向下婚越发普遍。在此背景下,本文基于2010—2021年中国综合社会调查数据,考察了婚姻学历匹配模式与夫妻收入之间的关系。结果发现,妻子学历向上婚能够提高女性收入、降低男性收入,妻子学历向下婚的效应则相反。机制分析表明,婚姻学历匹配通过影响社会资本进而作用于夫妻收入。此外,性别角色观念与原生家庭阶层在二者之间发挥调节作用。持有现代化性别角色观念的女性在学历向上婚时会加强职业投入并获得更高收入;原生家庭阶层对异质婚男性收入具有提升作用。With the expansion of education and the continuous improvement in women's educational attainment,the gender education gap has narrowed. This has led to significant changes in educational pairings within marriage. The traditional pattern of hypergamy for women is gradually transforming,with educational homogamy and hypogamy becoming more prevalent. Using data from the China General Social Survey 2010-2021,this paper examines the relationship between educational pairings and couples' incomes. The results show that,compared to educational homogamy,hypergamy increases women's income while decreasing men's income,whereas hypogamy has the opposite effect. Mechanism analysis indicates that educational pairings influence couples' incomes primarily through their impact on social capital. Moreover,gender role attitudes and the socioeconomic status of the original family play moderating roles in this relationship. Wives who hold modern gender role attitudes tend to increase their professional investment and earn higher incomes when engaged in hypergamy. The socioeconomic status of the original family increases men's income.

关 键 词：婚配模式 学历匹配 夫妻收入 社会资本 

分 类 号：C913.1[经济管理]