校优则志足?——高等教育水平分层、就业能力与大学生就业信心  

Does School Excellence Foster Career Confidence?--Stratification of Higher Education,Employability,and Employment Confidence Among Chinese University Students

作　　者：张月云 朱凤霞 冯春然 Zhang Yueyun;Zhu Fengxia;Feng Chunran

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学人文社科学部 [2]清华大学社会科学学院

出　　处：《社会发展研究》2025年第1期166-186,M0006,M0007,共23页Journal of Social Development

基　　金：2024年度黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究一般项目(项目编号:SJGYY2024022,主持人:张月云)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在高等教育扩张与就业压力增大的背景下,高校类型和区位等高等教育水平分层维度对大学生就业信心的影响日益凸显。本文借助2022年中国大学生追踪调查数据,探究大学生就业信心的校际差异及其中介机制。研究发现:(1)高校类型影响大学生就业信心,相较于非重点高校学生,重点高校学生就业信心更低;(2)高校区位影响大学生就业信心,相较于非一线城市高校学生,一线城市高校学生就业信心更低;(3)重点高校和一线城市高校对大学生人力资本(包括学习、组织和外语能力)的培养能促进其就业信心,但在非认知能力(如社交和抗压能力)培养方面的不足,成为削弱学生就业信心的重要机制;(4)“内卷”暴露部分解释了重点高校、一线城市高校学生为何人力资本更强而非认知能力更弱。In the context of the expansion of higher education and increasing employment pressure,the impact of stratification in higher education(such as university type and location) on the employment confidence of university students has become more pronounced. Using data from the 2022 wave of Chinese University Students Tracking Survey(PSCUS),this study investigates the inter-university differences in students' employment confidence and the underlying mechanisms. The findings are as follows:(1) University type affects employment confidence, with students from key universities exhibiting lower confidence than those from non-key universities.(2) University location influences employment confidence,with students from first-tier city universities having lower confidence than those from non-first-tier city universities.(3) While key and first-tier city universities enhance students' human capital(including academic, organizational, and foreign language abilities), the lack of noncognitive skills(such as social skills and stress resilience) among students from these universities serves as a key mechanism undermining their employment confidence.(4) The phenomenon of “involution” partly explains why students from key and first-tier city universities possess stronger human capital but weaker noncognitive abilities.

关 键 词：高等教育水平分层 就业信心 就业能力 人力资本 非认知能力 

分 类 号：G64[文化科学—高等教育学]