主流政党何以应对新执政党挑战——欧洲议会制国家联合政府治理中的议程控制  

How Established Parties Respond to the Challenges Posed by Newly Governing Parties?Agenda Control in the Coalition Governance of European Parliamentary Democracies

作　　者：卢晓 LU Xiao(School of International Studies,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2025年第3期3-32,150,共31页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：北京大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：自20世纪70年代以来,以绿党、激进右翼、民族主义和民粹主义政党为代表的新兴政党在欧洲政坛迅速崛起,显著改变了欧洲政党体系的传统格局。部分新兴政党不仅在议会选举中表现出色,而且成功参与组建联合政府,成为欧洲政坛的新执政党。从在野党到执政党的身份转变给新执政党带来了更为直接的政策影响力,但也加剧了政府内部冲突的风险,催生了联合政府治理中的新执政党问题。为应对新执政党挑战,主流政党将在政策制定过程中诉诸议程控制策略。其中,对提案时机的把控是主流政党议程控制的关键手段。为应对新执政党审查,主流政党倾向于推迟提案,以牺牲政策绩效为代价获取竞选优势,但这也导致政策效率低下和政治承诺无法及时兑现等后果。此外,主流政党的提案时机选择也取决于其对新执政党竞合类型的判断和共同执政中的学习互动过程。基于德国、比利时、芬兰和捷克四国联合政府立法提案数据的实证分析验证了上述理论,揭示了欧洲议会制国家联合政府治理中代表性与效率、回应性与责任制之间的深层矛盾。Since the 1970s,emerging parties,represented by the Greens,the radical right,and the nationalist and populist parties,have rapidly risen in European parliamentary democracies,significantly altering the traditional party landscape. Some of the new parties have not only excelled in parliamentary elections,but have also successfully participated in forming coalition governments,becoming newly governing forces in European countries.The transition from opposition to governance has granted these newly governing parties greater policy influence,yet has also heightened the risk of intra-coalition conflicts. To address the challenges posed by newly governing parties,established parties resort to agenda control during policy initiation,with a particular focus on the timing of legislative proposals. In response to scrutiny from newly governing parties,established parties tend to delay proposals,sacrificing policy performance for electoral advantage,leading to inefficiencies and delays in fulfilling political commitments. Furthermore,the timing of legislative proposals chosen by established parties is influenced by their prior assessment of the competitive or cooperative nature of newly governing parties and the learning process during coalition governance. Empirical analysis of legislative data from coalition governments in Germany,Belgium,Finland,and the Czech Republic lends support to the arguments,revealing the inherent contradictions between representation and efficiency,and responsiveness and accountability in the coalition governance of European parliamentary democracies.

关 键 词：欧洲政治 政党 联合政府 新执政党 议程控制 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]