主导性大国如何回应新兴制度创建——美国在地区开发银行中的地位差异研究  

How Dominant Powers Respond to the Creation of Emerging Institutions? The Status Disparities of the US in Regional Development Banks

作　　者：陈云轩 CHEN Yunxuan(Department of International Relations,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学国际关系学系,北京100084

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2025年第3期121-149,153,共30页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中国海外安全保障能力建设研究”(项目批准号:24CGJ002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：主导性大国如何回应新兴制度的创建是制度竞争中的一个重要研究问题。作者以亚非拉国家分别发起并创建的亚洲开发银行、非洲开发银行与泛美开发银行为案例,探究了主导性大国美国在三家银行中参与程度的差异。在多边开发银行和国家成员类型等既有概念的基础上,作者从正式成员资格、重要事项否决权和行政特权三方面定义了美国在地区开发银行中的成员类型,发现地区国家群体的制度创建诉求与美国的区域经济合作意愿在各开发银行制度创建过程中形成了资本供需平衡关系,并共同塑造了美国在各地区开发银行中的成员类型。当美国与地区内经济实力领先的国家形成战略合作关系时,其在相关地区开发银行的主导性成员类型也会随之调整。国际制度竞争并不仅局限于大国之间,主导性大国也不总是具有绝对的谈判优势。发展中国家群体在形成统一政治共识后能够通过集体行动方式增强自身与大国的博弈能力,达成符合本地区偏好的合作议程,进而对制度复合体的演进与变迁产生重要影响。The response of dominant powers to the emergence of new institutions has been a key research question in institutional competition studies. This paper examines the differences in the participation of the US in three regional development banks: the Asian Development Bank,the African Development Bank,and the Inter-American Development Bank.This study categorizes the US membership in these banks based on formal membership status,veto power over key issues,and administrative privileges. The findings reveal that the institutional creation demands of regional countries and the willingness of the US to regional economic cooperation form a supply-demand balance over capital in the creation of new institutions,which jointly shape the types of the US membership in emerging regional development banks. Furthermore,when the US forms strategic partnerships with leading economic powers in a particular region,its dominant membership type in the corresponding regional development bank adjusts accordingly. The study also shows that international institutional competition extends beyond rivalries among great powers,and the dominant power does not always maintain an absolute negotiating advantage. After forming a political consensus,developing countries can enhance their bargaining power through collective action,reach cooperation agendas that align with regional preferences,and eventually influence the evolution and transformation of institutional complexes.

关 键 词：多边开发银行 国际组织 制度竞争 国际发展 对外援助 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]