从“朝天录”到“燕行录”:朝鲜朝对中原王朝态度的转变  

From Chao Tian Lu to Yan Xing Lu:The Change in the Joseon Dynasty’s Attitude toward the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：董萌[1] 邹德文[1] Dong Meng;Zou Dewen(Changchun Normal University,Changchun,130032)

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学,长春130032

出　　处：《东疆学刊》2025年第2期22-30,143,共10页Dongjiang Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“东亚《文选》音注文献发掘研究及数据库建设”,项目编号:21BYY209;吉林省社会科学基金“诸种‘朝鲜竹枝词’的域外书写研究”,项目编号:2024C99。

摘　　要：朝鲜朝出使中原王朝的纪行文献有“朝天录”与“燕行录”之别,不同的称呼表明了朝鲜朝对明清两朝的不同态度,对明朝心悦诚服故“朝天”形成“朝天录”,对清朝前期的委曲求全只能“燕行”形成“燕行录”。两种态度的深层原因有三:一是朝鲜朝“华夷之辨”思想的根深蒂固,慕华于明朝而敌视于清朝;二是“事大”政策下的朝贡行为,“畏天”于明朝而“保国”于清朝;三是明亡后的“朝天”路断,朝鲜王朝重新进行自我身份定位,完成以夷易华过程且继承中华,故不再“朝天”,而成“燕行”。The Joseon Dynasty’s travel records documenting diplomatic missions to the Ming and Qing dynasties are distinctly categorized as Chao Tian Lu(Records about Trips to China)and Yan Xing Lu(Records of Yanjing Expeditions).The distinct nomenclature of the Joseon Dynasty’s diplomatic records to the Ming and Qing dynasties reflect Joseon’s different attitudes toward the Ming and Qing dynasties.The former nomenclature Chao Tian Lu epitomizes the Joseon Dynasty’s unreserved ideological allegiance to the Ming,framing diplomatic missions as quasi-religious journeys to a Confucian orthodoxy center.In contrast,the term Yan Xing Lu encoded Joseon’s ambivalent attitude toward the early Qing Dynasty.There are three profound reasons for this attitudinal shift:First,the deep-rooted thought of the distinction between Hua and Yi highly influence the posture of the Joseon Dynasty,revering the Ming Dynasty as the embodiment of Confucian Hua(civilized centrality),while harboring hostility toward the Qing as Yi(barbarian usurpers).Second,Within the framework of the Sadae(serving the great)policy,tributary practices manifested as“Wei Tian”(reverence for the Heavenly Mandate)toward the Ming Dynasty,embodying cultural deference,while under the Qing Dynasty,they evolved into“Bao Guo”(保国,state preservation),reflecting the political strategy of the Joseon Dynasty to maintain its autonomy under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.Third,following the collapse of the Ming Dynasty,the ritualized“Chao Tian”tradition is severed,forcing the Joseon Dynasty to redefine its identity,re-imagining itself as the legitimate inheritor of Chinese civilization while relegating the Manchu-ruled Qing to barbarian other.Consequently,diplomatic missions ceased to be framed as celestial pilgrimages(Chao Tian),but rather pragmatic expeditions to Yanjing(Yan Xing).

关 键 词：“朝天录” “燕行录” 朝鲜 中原王朝 态度转变 

分 类 号：I312.063[文学—其他各国文学]