基于DOM光谱数据对城市河道复杂污染成因的精细解析  

Fine resolution of complex pollution sources in urban river channels based on DOM spectral data

作　　者：马海川 任诚 毛云飞 周科帆 竺汉涛 段酿明 罗艺 于旭彪 MA Haichuan;REN Cheng;MAO Yunfei;ZHOU Kefan;ZHU Hantao;DUAN Niangming;LUO Yi;YU Xubiao(School of Civil&Environmental Engineering and Geography Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315000,China;Ningbo Urban Drainage Co.,Ltd.,Ningbo 315000,China;School of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学土木工程与地理环境学院,浙江宁波315000 [2]宁波市城市排水有限公司,浙江宁波315000 [3]浙江农林大学环境与资源学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第2期21-30,共10页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目(2022Z241);宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目(2021Z104);国家自然科学基金项目(41977152);宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2022S115)。

摘　　要：城市河道水质提升面临水体流动性差、污染源影响复杂等系列问题,是现阶段水环境提升工作中的难点之一。为了实现对城市河道污染成因的精细解析,保障治理策略的精准可靠,以宁波市典型城市河道为例,运用三维荧光-平行因子技术(EEM-PARAFAC)分析水体溶解性有机质(DOM)组成特征,探讨城市河道水体污染的季节性差异,及在复杂污染条件下的快速溯源机制。结果表明:该河道表现为高营养盐污染特征,氨氮、总氮和总磷的平均浓度分别为(2.53±1.16),(6.17±1.57),(0.40±0.15)mg/L,而少雨季节水体中营养盐的平均浓度是多雨季节的1.44~1.72倍。表征DOM腐殖化程度的HIX和SUVA_(254)指示少雨季节水体中自生源污染物累积明显,而营养盐浓度与类蛋白质荧光组分(r=0.07,P>0.05)的相关性远低于类腐殖质荧光组分(r=0.58,P<0.001),表明农业面源等污染的程度显著高于生活污水的影响,这与近年来该市持续的截污纳管措施密切相关。进一步地,通过比对主要污染物与EEM-PARAFAC荧光组分的时空分布差异,确认了上游河段氮、磷浓度异常升高与农田尾水排放的直接关联,排除了下游居民区河段污染物升高的生活污水影响可能,体现出DOM光谱数据作为辅助污染成因判定的重要意义。鉴于DOM光谱数据所含有的丰富污染源信息和其简便的测试过程,该研究可对我国城市河道水质改善提供切实可靠支撑。Improving urban river water quality is fraught with challenges,such as poor water flow and complex pollution sources,making it a significant difficulty in current water environment enhancement efforts.To achieve a nuanced analysis of the causes of urban river pollution and ensure the precision and reliability of remediation strategies,this study focused on a typical urban river in Ningbo City.Employing three-dimensional fluorescence-parallel factor analysis(EEM-PARAFAC)to examine the composition characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in the water,this research investigated the seasonal variations in urban river pollution and the rapid source-tracing mechanisms under complex pollution conditions.The findings revealed that the river exhibited high nutrient pollution,with average concentrations of ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus at(2.53±1.16),(6.17±1.57),and(0.40±0.15)mg/L,respectively.During the dry season,the average nutrient concentrations in the water were 1.44 to 1.72 times higher than those in the wet season.Indicators of DOM humification degree,HIX,and SUVA_(254),suggested a significant accumulation of autochthonous pollutants in the water during the dry season.The correlation between nutrient salts concentrations and protein-like fluorescent components(r=0.07,P>0.05)was much lower than that with humic-like fluorescent components(r=0.58,P<0.001).This indicated that agricultural non-point source pollution was significantly higher than the impact of domestic sewage,closely linked to the ongoing implementation of sewage interception measures in recent years.Moreover,by comparing the spatial and temporal distribution differences of major pollutants and EEM-PARAFAC fluorescent components,it was confirmed that the abnormal increase in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the upstream river section was directly related to the discharge of farmland tailwater,eliminating the possibility of domestic sewage influencing the downstream residential river section.This underscored the im

关 键 词：溶解性有机质 EEM-PARAFAC技术 城市河道污染 污染源解析 水质管理 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]