牛栏江流域水质对自然与人为因素的多时空尺度响应研究  

Multi-spatiotemporal response of water quality of the Niulan River Basin to natural and human factors

作　　者：赵敏 孙晓能 邵智 杨艳 焦立新[3,4] ZHAO Min;SUN Xiaoneng;SHAO Zhi;YANG Yan;JIAO Lixin(Kunming Institute of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Kunming 650032,China;Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Research Center of Lake Eco-Environment,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明市生态环境科学研究院,昆明650032 [2]云南大学,昆明650091 [3]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [4]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室湖泊生态环境创新基地,北京100012

出　　处：《环境工程》2025年第2期74-86,共13页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中央水污染防治资金“牛栏江流城昆明部分水生态环境调查”(K20220329001)。

摘　　要：为揭示牛栏江(昆明段)流域地表水质的时空演变特征和影响因素,采用单因子评价法对研究区内15个监测断面的雨、旱季水质进行评价,利用最优参数地理探测器分析自然与人类活动因子在子流域和河岸带尺度上对研究区内水质的影响。研究表明,流域水质呈现时空分异性,主要污染指标为总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH_(3)-N)。旱季COD、NH_(3)-N、TP浓度分别有13%、20%、53%的采样点超过GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ水质标准,雨季超标率则显著上升至53%、40%和67%。水质时空差异表现为雨季整体劣于旱季,超GB 3838—2002Ⅲ类水质断面主要分布在河流上游和支流区域,其中TP污染尤为突出。地理探测器分析发现,水质变化受自然与人类活动因子多尺度交互影响。人类活动因子在子流域尺度主导作用明显,道路密度和人口密度为最主要驱动因素;自然因子在河岸带尺度影响增强,植被覆盖类型与地形特征对污染物截留作用显著。因子交互作用普遍呈现双因子增强效应。部分影响因子对水质具有显著性差异影响,以总磷为例,其超Ⅲ类标准时,对应不同的范围或类型的影响因子。建议结合牛栏江流域实际情况,综合评价不同尺度下各因子水质承载范围,开展不同时空尺度上的水污染防治管理。To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of surface water quality in the Niulan River Basin(Kunming section),this study evaluated the water quality during wet and dry seasons at 15 monitoring sites using the single-factor assessment method.Optimal parameters-based geographical detector analysis was employed to investigate the impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors on water quality at sub-watershed and riparian zone scales.The results demonstrated significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in water quality,with total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),chemical oxygen demand(COD),and ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)identified as primary pollutants.During the dry season,13%,20%,and 53%of sampling sites exceeded Class III limiting values of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB 3838—2002)for COD,NH_(3)-N,and TP respectively,while these exceedance rates significantly increased to 53%,40%,and 67%in the rainy season.Spatiotemporal analysis revealed poorer water quality during rainy seasons,with ClassⅢ-exceeding sections predominantly distributed in upstream areas and tributaries,particularly showing severe TP contamination.Geographical detector analysis indicated that water quality variations resulted from multi-scale interactions between natural and anthropogenic factors.Anthropogenic factors(particularly road density and population density)dominated at sub-watershed scales,while natural factors(vegetation cover types and topographic features)exhibited enhanced pollutant interception effects at riparian zone scales.Factor interactions generally demonstrated dual-factor enhancement effects.Notably,certain factors showed threshold-specific impacts on water quality parameters,as exemplified by TP exceedances corresponding to specific ranges or types of influencing factors.The study recommends implementing comprehensive water pollution control strategies across spatial-temporal scales,incorporating factor-specific carrying capacity assessments tailored to basin characteristi

关 键 词：地表水质 时空特征 最优参数地理探测器 影响因素 牛栏江流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]