免疫系统介导的共生微生物对昆虫宿主的影响  

Impacts of symbiotic microbes on insect hosts mediated by the immune system

作　　者：王争艳[1] 张闪 周丽贞 赵亚茹 刘之源 Wang Zhengyan;Zhang Shan;Zhou Lizhen;Zhao Yaru;Liu Zhiyuan(School of Food and Strategic Reserves,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan Province,China;School of Grain Science and Technology,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212100,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学粮食和物资储备学院,郑州450001 [2]江苏科技大学粮食学院,镇江212100

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2025年第1期8-19,共12页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32272531);河南省科技公关项目(222103810069)。

摘　　要：先天免疫是昆虫适应复杂环境的关键,研究昆虫免疫系统有助于发现新的杀虫剂靶点,为开发新的害虫防治策略提供思路。昆虫通过模式识别受体识别环境中的病原体,激活先天免疫系统以清除病原体。昆虫的先天免疫系统主要有细胞免疫和体液免疫。Toll、免疫缺陷(immune deficiency,IMD)以及Janus激酶/信号转导和转录激活因子(Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription,JAK/STAT)是调节昆虫体液免疫的主要信号通路。然而,越来越多的研究表明共生微生物激活的免疫信号通路在行使免疫功能的同时也发挥着非免疫功能,其中胰岛素信号通路在免疫系统与宿主生长发育之间的联系中起着重要的介导作用。该文在回顾昆虫主要先天免疫信号通路和胰岛素信号通路的基础上,详细阐述了共生微生物激活的免疫信号通路对昆虫生长发育、繁殖、抗药性、化学通信、细胞更新、寿命、睡眠、能量生成途径的影响及其分子机制,并对未来的研究方向和研究手段进行了展望,以期为揭示共生微生物与昆虫宿主之间联系的生理机制提供思路。Innate immunity is crucial for insects to adapt to complex environments.Knowledge about the insect immune system helps to discover new insecticide targets and provides ideas for the develop‐ment of new pest control strategies.Insects recognize pathogens in the environment through pattern rec‐ognition receptors,thus activating the innate immune system to remove pathogens.The insect innate im‐mune system mainly includes cellular and humoral immunity.The Toll,immune deficiency(IMD),and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription(JAK/STAT)pathways are the key signal‐ing pathways that regulate insect humoral immunity.However,more and more studies have shown that immune signaling pathways activated by symbiotic microbes also play non-immune roles alongside their immune roles.Among these,the insulin signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in mediating inter‐actions between the immune system and host growth and development.This review first introduces the major innate immune signaling pathways and the insulin signaling pathway in insects.It then elaborates on how immune signaling pathways activated by symbiotic microbes influence insect growth and devel‐opment,reproduction,pesticide resistance,chemical communication,cell turnover,lifespan,sleep,and energy metabolism,as well as their underlying molecular mechanisms.Finally,future research direc‐tions and methodologies are also discussed to provide ideas for revealing the physiological mechanisms linking symbiotic microbes and insect hosts.

关 键 词：共生微生物 免疫系统 生长发育 繁殖 抗药性 化学通信 代谢重编辑 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]