福州市公共场所人工水环境中嗜肺军团菌污染现状及检测方法比较研究  

Current Status of Legionella Pneumophila Contamination in Artificial Water Environments of Public Places in Fuzhou City and Comparative Study of Detection Methods

作　　者：潘珍瑜[1] 江建真[1] 林萍[1] PAN Zhenyu;JIANG Jianzhen;LIN Ping(Department of Laboratory,Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fujian Province,Fuzhou Fujian 350209,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省福州市疾病预防控制中心检验科,福建福州350209

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2025年第5期19-22,共4页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的深入了解福州市公共场所人工水环境中嗜肺军团菌污染情况,比较并分析传统平板培养法、Legiolert酶底物法、荧光聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法的检测结果。方法选取2021年1月—2023年12月福州市宾馆、超市、温泉会所等公共场所为研究对象,统一采集冷凝水、冷却水、沐浴用水、温泉水共637份。采用传统平板培养法、Legiolert酶底物法、荧光PCR法进行检测,对比检测结果并分析福州市公共场所人工水环境中嗜肺军团菌污染情况。结果经数据统计可知,2021—2023年共采集水样637份,其中冷却水279份、冷凝水245份、温泉水64份、沐浴用水49份,检出嗜肺军团菌57份,阳性率为8.95%。各类水样中均检出嗜肺军团菌,其中冷凝水检出率(4.49%)低于冷却水(8.96%)和温泉水(14.06%)的检出率,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他不同标本类型之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。传统平板培养法、荧光PCR法、酶底物法3种方法检测结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.997)。结论福州市公共场所人工水环境均存在不同程度嗜肺军团菌污染,其中温泉水、冷却水检出率较高,周边人群有潜在感染风险,仍需进一步加强管理。3种检测方法各有利弊,检出率无显著性差异。Objective To investigate the contamination of Legionella pneumophila in the artificial water environment of public places in Fuzhou city,and to compare and analyze the detection effects of traditional filtration plate culture method,Legiolert enzyme substrate method and fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method.Methods The subjects were selected from public places such as hotels,supermarkets and hot spring clubs in Fuzhou city from January 2021 to December 2023,and a total of 637 samples of condensed water, cooling water, bathing water and hot spring water were collected in a unified manner. The traditional filtration plate culture method, Legiolert enzyme substrate method and fluorescent PCR method were used to detect Legionella pneumophila contamination in artificial water environment of public places in Fuzhou city. Results According to the statistics, a total of 637 water samples were collected from 2021 to 2023, including 279 of cooling water, 245 of condensate water, 64 of hot spring water and 49 of bathing water, and 57 Legionella pneumophila were detected with a positive rate of 8.95%. Legionella pneumophila was detected in all kinds of water samples. Among them, the detection rate of condensate water (4.49%) was lower than that of cooling water (8.96%) and hot spring water (14.06%), and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in comparison among other different specimen types (P > 0.05). When comparing the three methods of traditional plate culture method, fluorescent PCR method and Legiolert enzyme substrate method, there was no statistically significant difference (P =0.997). Conclusion The artificial water environment of public places in Fuzhou city were all contaminated with Legionella pneumophila to varying degrees, and the detection rates of hot spring water and cooling water were high. The surrounding population had potential infection risk, and further management should be strengthened in the future. Each of the three d

关 键 词：公共场所 人工水环境 嗜肺军团菌 污染检测 传统平板培养法 酶底物法 荧光聚合酶链式反应法 

分 类 号：R126[医药卫生—环境卫生学]