水系锌离子电池负极界面双电层结构调控及先进表征研究进展  

Research progress on structural regulation and advanced characterization of electric double layer at Zn anode interface of aqueous Zn-ion batteries

作　　者：周梦奇 赵学松 程展翼 潘慧霖 Mengqi Zhou;Xuesong Zhao;Zhanyi Cheng;Huilin Pan(Department of Chemistry,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学化学系,杭州310058 [2]郑州大学材料科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [3]浙江大学能源高效清洁利用全国重点实验室,杭州310027

出　　处：《科学通报》2025年第9期1247-1263,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2404700);国家自然科学基金(22179117)资助。

摘　　要：近年来,水系锌基电池因其本征安全性以及资源丰富的特点引起了研究者的广泛关注.然而,由于锌负极与电解液界面稳定性差,极大地降低了锌负极的循环稳定性,阻碍了水系锌离子电池的发展.双电层的结构是控制负极界面性能的关键因素,但由于表征技术的限制,对其微观层面的理解仍处于起步阶段.本文系统地讨论了双电层的结构、界面反应机制、调控策略以及对双电层的先进表征和理论模拟方法.重点关注了水体系下锌负极界面处双电层的结构演化机制、锌离子溶剂化结构和界面双电层的调控策略以及双电层的先进表征方法,为锌负极界面双电层调控及表征提供了参考和借鉴意义.Resource depletion and environmental degradation have driven the development of renewable energy sources,such as solar and wind power,to replace fossil fuels.However,the inherent intermittency of these renewable energy sources poses a significant challenge to the power grid,necessitating the development of large-scale energy storage systems.Recently,rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries using Zn metal as the anode have been revisited as a potential solution for grid energy storage due to the advantages of non-flammability,environmental benignity,low cost,etc.Unlike most metals including Li,Na,K,Mg,Al,etc.,Zn metal can be directly applied as the anode for aqueous batteries and also exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 819 mAh g-1,superior volumetric capacity of 5854 mAh cm-3 and low redox potential of-0.762 V vs.the standard hydrogen electrode.The performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries,however,remains unsatisfactory for their further commercial application due to uncontrollable dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions.Specifically,the deposition-stripping process of Zn metal is controlled by the Zn anode-electrolyte interface,where the structural evolution of the electric double layer(EDL)is the critical issue for the excellent electrochemical performance of zinc anodes.The EDL is the region where electrochemical reactions occur,and it plays a critical role in electrochemical energy conversion and storage.Previous reports reveal that EDL is crucial to the formation of solid electrolyte interphases and conventional electrochemical double layer capacitors.Generally,the dipolar H2O molecules exist in the inner Helmholtz layer of the EDL,participating in the interfacial reactions during battery operation.Consequently,uncontrollable electrochemical and chemical corrosion reactions continuously occur,significantly degrading the battery performance.Moreover,the desolvation process of[Zn(H2O)6]2+and the Zn deposition process both occur in the EDL,determining the electrochemical reactions at the surface of the Zn ano

关 键 词：水系锌离子电池 锌负极 双电层结构和表征 锌负极界面反应机制 

分 类 号：TM911.4[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]