除草剂对苦参和射干田苗期杂草的防除效果及其安全性  

Field efficacy of herbicide on weeds and safety on Belamcanda chinensis L.and Sophora flavescens Ait.during seedling period

作　　者：张锦伟 李红霞 潘玉欣 李江宇 梁茜 韩平[1] 余苹中[1] 赵尔成[1] 唐博文 ZHANG Jinwei;LI Hongxia;PAN Yuxin;LI Jiangyu;LIANG Qian;HAN Ping;YU Pingzhong;ZHAO Ercheng;TANG Bowen(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China,Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit and Vegetable Pests in North China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100094,China;College of Agriculture and Food Engineering,Baise University,Baise 533000,Guangxi,China;Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100125,China;College of Plant Protection,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部北方果蔬有害生物绿色防控重点实验室(部省共建),北方果树病虫害绿色防控北京市重点实验室,北京100094 [2]百色学院农业与食品工程学院,广西百色533000 [3]农业农村部农药检定所,北京100125 [4]河北农业大学植物保护学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《农药》2025年第4期283-288,共6页Agrochemicals

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-21);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2024110207);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20240703)。

摘　　要：[目的]探索化学除草剂对2种中药材苦参和射干苗期杂草的防除效果及其对该2种作物的安全性。[方法]通过田间小区试验,研究40%砜吡草唑SC土壤喷雾+30%苯唑草酮SC播种后21 d茎叶喷雾,按照低(120+22.5)、中(180+27)、高(240+45)g a.i./hm^(2)3个剂量组合搭配,48%仲丁灵EC按照1440 g a.i./hm^(2)苗前一次性土壤喷雾的方法,施药后持续调查4种不同处理对田间杂草的株防效,以及对苦参和射干2种作物出苗和株高的影响。[结果]40%砜吡草唑SC+30%苯唑草酮SC的中(180+27)、低(120+22.5)g a.i./hm^(2)剂量处理组合在苗后茎叶处理后7~42 d,对田间杂草的株防效可维持在80%以上,且该剂量组合处理对苦参和射干的出苗和株高并无明显不利影响。[结论]选用苗前土壤处理除草剂40%砜吡草唑SC按照120~180 g a.i./hm^(2),配合播种后21 d按照22.5~27 g a.i./hm^(2)施用苗后除草剂30%苯唑草酮SC,对苦参和射干2种作物田杂草的防除效果和安全性良好。[Aims]Detecting the efficacy of chemical herbicides in controlling weeds in fields of two traditional Chinese medicine herbs(TCMH)crops,Belamcanda chinensis L.and Sophora flavescens Ait.,as well as their safety on these two crops during seedling period.[Methods]Field trials were conducted using a combination of pyroxasulfone 40%SC pre-emergence and topramezone 30%SC foliar treatment 21 d after sowing,by three dose gradients of low(120+22.5),medium(180+27),and high(240+45)g a.i./ha.Butralin 48%EC was applied pre-emergence at a dose of 1440 g a.i./ha through soil spraying.Investigation was conducted continuously to detect the efficacy on plant density of the four herbicide treatments,as well as their effects on the emergence and plant height of the two TCMH crops.[Results]The medium(180+27)g a.i./ha and low(120+22.5)g a.i./ha dose combinations of pyroxasulfone 40%SC and topramezone 30%SC maintained a weed control efficacy over 80%on field weeds from 7 to 42 d post-emergence application.Furthermore,these treatments had no significant adverse effects on the emergence and plant height of the two TCMH crops.[Conclusions]The selection of a pre-emergence herbicide,pyroxasulfone 40%SC,at a dose of 120-180 g a.i./ha followed by a post-emergence application of topramezone 30%SC 21 d after sowing at a dose of 22.5-27 g a.i./ha showed good efficacy in controlling weeds and safety on TCMH crops B.chinensis and S.flavescens during seeding period.

关 键 词：中药材 苦参 射干 化学除草 药效 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.2[农业科学—植物保护]