深-浅孔协同爆破高-低位顶板互馈破断护巷消冲技术研究  

Study on the technology of deep-shallow hole coordinated blasting for high-low roof reciprocal breaking for roadway protection and rockburst mitigation

作　　者：张广辉 ZHANG Guanghuil(China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Beijing Engineering and Research Center of Mine Safety,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室,北京100013 [3]北京市煤矿安全工程技术研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2025年第2期345-355,共11页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52034009,52404086);煤科院科技发展基金项目(2022CX-Ⅰ-04);天地科技创新创业资金专项项目(2020-2-TD-CXY005)。

摘　　要：针对某矿在高埋深复合坚硬顶板双巷掘进留小煤柱护巷下,临空巷道受高地应力、工作面侧向悬顶和双重采动影响易发生蠕变变形及冲击地压灾害,以该矿地质条件和采掘部署为工程背景,提出深-浅孔协同爆破促使高-低位顶板互馈破断护巷消冲技术。通过开展复合坚硬顶板赋存特征下相似模拟、数值模拟和小煤柱护巷顶板结构理论分析,揭示临空巷道大变形和冲击灾害与侧向悬顶长度的关联性,基于2类钻孔起爆顺序和导向孔作用原理构建深-浅孔协同爆破机制,在分析高-低位顶板间相互作用载荷对应力强度因子K_(Ⅰσ1)和K_(ⅢT)的影响作用的基础上,研究高-低位顶板互馈破断原理,并通过理论推演和现场试验确定组合爆破参数。工程实践表明:浅孔爆破低位岩层产生轴向贯通性裂隙和深孔爆破高位岩层预制径向非贯通性裂隙,达到了协同爆破的目的和互馈垮断的基本条件;13163巷围岩变形量和顶板离层的最大值分别为440 mm和32 mm,表明协同爆破促进了低位顶板破断、充填,减缓了蠕变变形,起到护巷作用;13132巷微震事件频次降低34%,微震事件集中能量区间向左偏移7.5 kJ左右,表明深-浅孔协同爆破降低了高位复合坚硬顶板剧烈破断诱发动载冲击的概率,具有临空巷道消冲功能。In a mine with deep-buried composite hard roof,where dual-roadway tunneling with small coal pillars is employed for roadway protection,the gob-side roadway is prone to creep deformation and rockburst hazards due to high ground stress,lateral suspended roof of the working face,and double mining-induced disturbances.Taking the geological conditions and mining deployment of this mine as the engineering background,a technique of deep-shallow hole coordinated blasting was proposed to promote the high-low roof reciprocal breaking for roadway protection and rockburst mitigation.Through similarity simulations,numerical simulations,and theoretical analysis on the roof structure with small coal pillars under the occurrence conditions of composite hard roof,the correlation between large deformation and rockburst hazards in the gob-side roadway and the length of the lateral suspended roof was revealed.Based on the initiation sequence of two types of boreholes and the principle of pilot holes,the mechanism behind deep-shallow hole coordinated blasting was constructed.Moreover,the principle of high-low roof reciprocal breaking was studied after analyzing the effect of the interactive load between high and low roof strata on the stress intensity factors K_(Ⅰσ1) and K_(ⅢT).Finally,the combined blasting parameters were determined through theoretical deductions and field tests.Engineering practice demonstrates that shallow-hole blasting produces axial penetrating fractures in the lower rock strata,while deep-hole blasting prefabricates radial non-penetrating fractures in the upper rock strata.The joint action of the two types of blasting achieves the goal of coordinated blasting and meets the basic conditions for reciprocal collapse and breaking.The maximum surrounding rock deformation and roof separation in the 13163 roadway are 440 mm and 32 mm,respectively,which indicates that coordinated blasting promotes the breaking and filling of the lower roof strata,thereby slowing down creep deformation and protecting the roadway.Th

关 键 词：深-浅孔协同爆破 高-低位互馈垮断 护巷消冲 顶板预裂 顶板结构 巷道变形 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]