大棚高温环境下营养液浓度升高对生菜生长及营养元素吸收的影响  

Effects of Elevated Nutrient Solution Concentration on Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Lettuce under High Temperature Environment in Greenhouse

作　　者：朱怀卫 方俏娴 郑泽华 王广伦 付雅婷 ZHU Huai-wei;FANG Qiao-xian;ZHENG Ze-hua;WANG Guang-lun;FU Ya-ting(Guangdong Ecological Meteorological Centre,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangdong Climate Centre,Guangzhou 510640;Shanghai Qingpu Meteorological Bureau,Qingpu 201700;Guangdong Agro-meteorological Experimental Station,Foshan 528225)

机构地区：[1]广东省生态气象中心,广州510640 [2]广东省气候中心,广州510640 [3]上海市青浦区气象局,青浦201700 [4]广东省农业气象试验站,佛山528225

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2025年第4期533-545,共13页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：广东省气象局科学技术研究项目面上项目(GRMC2023M61);广东省气象局科学技术研究项目青年基金项目(GRMC2020Q06);上海市气象局“青年启航计划”配套经费项目。

摘　　要：在南方塑料大棚内进行生菜水培种植试验,研究两种营养液浓度对高温环境下生菜单株叶片数、株高、鲜重、干重和叶片营养元素(Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)含量的影响。生菜生长温度环境设高温环境(H)和常温对照(N)2个水平。营养液浓度用电导率EC(μS·cm^(-1))表示,设常规营养液浓度(CK,1500μS·cm^(-1))和高营养液浓度(C1,1900μS·cm^(-1))2个水平。结果表明:(1)与常温对照环境相比,高温环境下塑料大棚内生菜叶片生长环境和营养液日平均温度分别高13.9℃和12.0℃,日最低温度分别高13.9℃和11.8℃,日最高气温分别高14.4℃和12.7℃。(2)常温对照环境下,与常规营养液浓度处理相比,高营养液浓度生菜采收期单株叶片数、株高、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、地上部干重和地下部干重分别增加15.2%、16.9%、63.2%、24.4%、28.5%和6.6%;高温环境下,与高营养液浓度相比,常规营养液浓度处理生菜采收期上述生长指标分别增加54.2%、41.0%、249.5%、496.0%、169.6%和353.4%。(3)高温环境使生菜叶片Ca、Mg和Fe元素含量增加;常温对照环境下,与常规营养液浓度相比,高营养液浓度使生菜叶片采收期Mn和Cu含量分别显著增加22.7%和61.5%(P<0.05),对Ca、Mg、Fe和Zn含量影响差异不显著;高温环境下,与高营养液浓度相比,常规营养液浓度使生菜叶片采收期Ca和Mn含量分别显著增加34.5%和44.9%,对Mg、Cu和Zn含量影响不显著。研究认为,温度环境和营养液浓度对水培生菜生长和养分吸收有显著影响,夏季和秋冬季南方塑料大棚内水培生菜实际生产过程中,可通过调节营养液浓度,达到提高生菜产量、品质及节肥增效的目的。A hydroponic planting experiment in the southern plastic greenhouse with lettuce was conducted to investigate the effects of two nutrient solution concentrations supply on leaf number,plant height,fresh weight,dry weight and leaf nutrient element content(Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn)at different growth stages under high temperature environment.The two levels of temperature environment for lettuce growth were set as high temperature environment(H)and normal temperature environment(N).The nutrient solution concentration was expressed by EC(μS·cm^(-1)),which was set as normal concentration(CK,1500μS·cm^(-1))and elevated concentration(C1,1900μS·cm^(-1)).The results showed that,(1)high temperature environment increased daily average temperature in the growth of lettuce leaves and nutrient solution by 13.9℃and 12.0℃,daily minimum temperature by 13.9℃and 11.8℃,daily maximum temperature by 14.4℃and 12.7℃,respectively,compared with normal temperature environment.(2)Under normal temperature environment,elevated concentration increased leaf number,plant height,shoot fresh weight,root fresh weight,shoot dry weight and root dry weight at the harvesting stage by 15.2%,16.9%,63.2%,24.4%,28.5%and 6.6%,respectively,compared with normal concentration.However,under high temperature environment,normal concentration increased above growth indicators by 54.2%,41.0%,249.5%,496.0%,169.6%and 353.4%at the harvesting stage,respectively,compared with elevated concentration.(3)High temperature environment promoted the contents of Ca,Mg and Fe in lettuce leaves.Under normal temperature environment,elevated concentration significantly promoted the contents of Mn and Cu in lettuce leaves at the harvesting stage by 22.7%and 61.5%,while unsignificant difference occurred in the contents of Ca,Mg,Fe and Zn,compared with normal concentration.Furthermore,under high temperature environment,normal concentration significantly promoted the contents of Ca and Mn in lettuce leaves at the harvesting stage by 34.5%and 44.9%,while didn’t affect the c

关 键 词：高温环境 营养液浓度 水培生菜 营养元素 塑料大棚 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]