基于复杂网络的城市公园绿地服务效能与公平性研究  

Service Efficiency and Equity of Urban Parks and Green Spaces:A Complex Network Approach

作　　者：杨晋苏 沈政鑫 曹风晓 YANG Jinsu;SHEN Zhengxin;CAO Fengxiao(School of Architecture and Urban Planning in Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学建筑与城乡规划学院,福州350118

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第4期31-39,共9页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：教育部人文社科规划研究基金(23YJA630117);福建省自然科学基金(2022J05192,2022J01937);福建理工大学校级科研项目(GY-Z21178,GY-Z21177)。

摘　　要：提升城市公园绿地服务效能是践行人民城市理念和改善人居品质的重要举措。为量化城市公园绿地的服务效能及其公平性,构建了整合“直接服务”和“间接服务”的综合效能评价框架,并基于网络指标和空间分布评价服务效能的公平性。以福州市核心区为例,运用复杂网络分析等方法,评价了多出行模式下的绿地服务效能及其公平性特征。研究显示:1)随着居民出行机动性水平提升,绿地直接服务效能整体增强,服务网络结构由局部团簇向多中心网络转变;2)绿地间接服务效能存在“共享扩张、协同滞后”的失衡问题,共享服务虽形成网络化格局但中心区压力难解,协同服务呈现中心强、外围弱的结构特征;3)服务效能公平性中人口高密度区域问题最为突出,具有较低的邻近中心性和服务协同水平。针对上述问题,提出构建多中心协调网络化布局体系、优化“共享-协同”服务机制和完善人口高密度区域均衡服务机制等策略,为城市公园绿地系统的精细化管理与布局优化提供支撑。The present research investigates the service effectiveness of urban parks and green spaces(UPGS) through complex network analysis,examining both direct service connections and indirect service interactions across different transportation modes.In Fuzhou City,the research team examined 126 parks(32 community parks,31 specialized parks,and 63 comprehensive parks) and their service relationships with 1,976 residential communities within the urban core area.A network analysis framework was developed with two dimensions:1) assessing direct service effectiveness through spatial accessibility,service intensity,and service efficiency;and 2) analyzing indirect service effectiveness through resource sharing and functional coordination.Service connection characteristics were analyzed under three travel modes(walking,cycling,and driving) based on a 20-minute travel threshold.Two projection networks were constructed to characterize the resource-sharing relationships between residential areas and service coordination patterns between parks.Network edges were weighted using time-decay functions accounting for mode-specific travel costs.Network analysis revealed three key findings.First,diversified transportation modes improved the overall direct service effectiveness of UPGS.Walking mode showed lower service effectiveness due to limited accessibility and uneven distribution.Cycling conditions improved accessibility and led to more balanced services.Driving mode achieved city-wide coverage and optimal overall effectiveness,though regional differences in direct service effectiveness persisted.Second,indirect service effectiveness showed a significant imbalance.The sharing projection network expanded rapidly(from 2,141 to 66,989connections) while the coordination projection network grew slowly(from 191 to3,562 connections),indicating a sharing expansion,coordination lag " pattern.Although the sharing service formed a networked pattern,central area pressure remained high,while the coordination service showed strong center and weak

关 键 词：风景园林 城市公园绿地 服务效能 空间公平性 复杂网络 多出行模式可达性 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]