京西门头沟传统山地乡村的水适应性历史、特征、限制与愿景  

Water Adaptation History,Characteristics,Limitation and Vision of Traditional Mountainous Villages in Mentougou,West Beijing

作　　者：张晋 ZHANG Jin(North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学建筑与艺术学院,北京100144

出　　处：《中国园林》2025年第4期137-144,共8页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(51808005);北京市教委社科一般项目(SM201910009008);北方工业大学青年毓优人才培养计划(NCUT2020)。

摘　　要：门头沟区位于北京西部,是北京市唯一的纯山区,同时也是永定河山峡段所在区域,悠久的乡村发展历史与特殊的山水地理条件使其在人水相互适应方面形成了多样化的地域性特征,同时在北京“23.7”特大雨洪灾害中,门头沟也是受灾最为严重的区域,暴露出了较为尖锐的人水适应矛盾。以水适应性为视角,借助文献、田野调查与空间分析相结合的方法,从“谁来适应”“适应什么”“如何适应”三方面系统性定义门头沟传统山地乡村水适应性的4个阶段、两大主体、5个方面与32项典型特征,在此基础上从自然系统与社会系统两方面梳理出11个水适应性限制问题,提出面向未来的11项总体策略与14个分项策略,以期为门头沟传统山地乡村的可持续发展与相似水适应性问题的区域提供借鉴与参考。Mentougou District is located in the west of Beijing,which is the only pure mountain area in Beijing and also the area where the gorge section of Yongding River is located.The long history of rural development and special landscape geographical conditions make it form diverse regional characteristics in terms of mutual adaptation between people and water,at the same time,in the "23.7" heavy rain and flood damage in Beijing,Mentougou is also the most seriously affected area,exposing a relatively sharp contradiction in human and water adaptation.After the disaster,Mentougou formulated the general idea of "basic recovery in one year,comprehensive improvement in three years,longterm high-quality development",and focused on the reconstruction of roads and Bridges,power grids,and houses destroyed by the water.Facing the future,based on the restoration and reconstruction of basic livelihood projects,the restoration of the overall ecological environment,especially the restoration of the water ecological environment,will become the key work content.Based on the adaptation theory and research framework,this article takes water adaptation as a characteristic research perspective,and systematically defines 4 stages of water adaptation:river valley settlement-the original period of human-water interaction,village construction by the river-the development period of human-water interaction,integration of water and village-the maturity period of human-water interaction,and wown-water gaming-the decline and revival of human-water interaction;2 main bodies:river valley platform and mountain valley;5 aspects:spatial distribution,village site selection,irrigation and water conservancy,gully management,settlement architecture;and 32 typical characteristics from aspects of "who or what adapts", "adaptation to what" and "how does adaptation occur" by combining literature,field investigation and spatial analysis.On this basis,11 water adaptation limits are sorted out from the aspects of natural and social systems,the adaptation limitati

关 键 词：风景园林 水适应性 山地 乡村 京西 门头沟 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]