中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患现况调查  

Comorbidity of abnormal spinal curvature and screening myopia among primary and middle school students

作　　者：王子睿 张祥 刘煜 周潇潇[1] WANG Zirui;ZHANG Xiang;LIU Yu;ZHOU Xiaoxiao(Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Taizhou Health Supervision Institute),Taizhou,Zhejiang 318000,China)

机构地区：[1]台州市疾病预防控制中心(台州市卫生监督所),浙江台州318000

出　　处：《预防医学》2025年第4期336-340,共5页China Preventive Medicine Journal

基　　金：台州市社会发展科技计划项目(23ywb97);台州市社会发展科技计划项目(24ywa59)。

摘　　要：目的了解浙江省台州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患情况,为青少年脊柱弯曲异常与近视防制提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取台州市9个县(市、区)的中小学生进行调查,通过问卷收集基本情况、睡眠、运动、饮食、使用电子设备、教室座位调整频率、课外学习、读写姿势和用眼习惯等资料;参考《儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常防控技术指南》筛查脊柱弯曲异常;依据WS/T 663—2020《中小学生屈光不正筛查规范》筛查近视。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患的影响因素。结果调查中小学生13596人,其中男生7423人,占54.60%;女生6173人,占45.40%。年龄为(13.45±2.59)岁。检出脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患394例,共患率为2.90%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,过去7 d使用电脑时间<1 h(以不使用为参照,OR=1.312,95%CI:1.023~1.684)、过去7 d课外学习时间≥3 h(OR=1.513,95%CI:1.068~2.143)及经常/总是在阳光直射下看书和屏幕(OR=1.604,95%CI:1.018~2.526)的中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患风险较高;睡眠时间>9 h/d(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.411~0.991)、过去7 d户外活动时间≥3 h/d(OR=0.645,95%CI:0.427~0.975)和教室座位调整频率≥1次/月(OR=0.740,95%CI:0.573~0.955)的中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患风险较低。结论睡眠、运动、使用电子设备、教室座位调整频率、课外学习和用眼习惯是中小学生脊柱弯曲异常与筛查性近视共患的影响因素。Objective To investigate the comorbidity of abnormal spinal curvature and screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Taizhou City,Zhejiang Province,so as to provide the reference for the prevention and control of abnormal spinal curvature and myopia among children and adolescents.Methods Students from nine counties(cities,districts)in Taizhou City were selected using a stratified cluster random sampling method.Basic information,sleep,physical activity,diet,electronic device usage,frequency of seat changes,after class study,reading and writing posture,and eye-use habits were collected through questionnaire surveys.Abnormal spinal curvature was screened according to the Technical Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Children and Adolescents.Myopia was screened based on Specification for Screening of Refractive Error in Primary and Middle School Students(WS/T 663—2020).The influencing factors for the comorbidity of abnormal spinal curvature and screening myopia were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model.Results A total of 13596 students were surveyed,including 7423 males(54.60%)and 6173 females(45.40%).The average age was(13.45±2.59)years.The prevanlece of the comorbidity of abnormal spinal curvature and screening myopia,was 2.90%(394 cases).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that students who used computers for<1 hour in the past 7 days(not use as the reference,OR=1.312,95%CI:1.023-1.684),after class study for≥3 hours in the past 7 days(OR=1.513,95%CI:1.068-2.143),and frequently/always read books or watched screens under direct sunlight(OR=1.604,95%CI:1.018-2.526)had a higher risk of the comorbidity of abnormal spinal curvature and screening myopia.In contrast,the students who slept for>9 h/d(OR=0.638,95%CI:0.411-0.991),engaged in outdoor activities for≥3 h/d in the past 7 days(OR=0.645,95%CI:0.427-0.975),and changed seats once per month or more(OR=0.740,95%CI:0.573-0.955)had a lower risk of the comorbidity of abnormal s

关 键 词：中小学生 脊柱弯曲异常 近视 共患 影响因素 

分 类 号：R682.3[医药卫生—骨科学] R778.11[医药卫生—外科学]