大型低温火箭准时发射技术研究与空间站应用  

Research on Punctual Launch Technology for Large Cryogenic Rockets and Its Application in Space Stations

作　　者：钟文安[1] 余秀伟 叶欣[1] 晏政 陈少将[1] 宋扬 ZHONG Wenan;YU Xiuwei;YE Xin;YAN Zheng;CHEN Shaojiang;SONG Yang(Xichang Satellite Launch Center,Haikou 571126,China)

机构地区：[1]西昌卫星发射中心,海口571126

出　　处：《宇航学报》2025年第2期378-388,共11页Journal of Astronautics

摘　　要：空间站建造中的交会对接任务对运载火箭提出了“零窗口”准时发射要求。大型低温液体火箭发射流程复杂,影响准时发射的因素众多,使得准时发射能力长期难以被定量描述,发射任务难度极大。为了提高运载火箭的准时发射能力,研究了准时发射的概念和技术原理,提出了发射准时度来量化描述火箭的准时发射能力。以空间站建造发射任务为对象,根据准时发射技术原理对火箭的加注发射流程进行优化,并将零窗口拓展为窄窗口。利用蒙特卡罗方法分别对优化前后的流程进行仿真,结果表明:流程优化后发射准时度提高了0.214,验证了准时发射技术的有效性。准时发射技术已成功应用于空间站建造的发射任务中,有力保障了空间站建造任务的圆满成功。The rendezvous and docking of China’s space station construction necessitates the carrier rocket to be launched punctually within a zero window.Given the complexity of the launch processes for large cryogenic liquid rockets,numerous factors impact the punctuality of rocket launches.Consequently,the punctual launch capability of cryogenic rockets has long been difficult to quantify,making launch missions exceptionally challenging.To enhance the punctuality of carrier rockets,the concept and principles of punctual launch are examined,leading to the introduction of launch punctuality(LP)as a metric to quantify this capability.Focusing on the launch mission for China’s space station construction,the rocket fueling and launching processes are optimized based on the principles of punctual launch,expanding the zero window into a narrow window.Utilizing the Monte Carlo method to simulate the fueling and launching processes both before and after optimization,the results indicate a 0.214 increase in LP for the launch mission following the optimization.The punctual launch technology has been successfully applied to the launch missions of China’s space station construction,providing crucial support for the mission’s overall success.

关 键 词：发射准时度 加注发射流程 零窗口 蒙特卡罗方法 

分 类 号：V554[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]