陇中梁峁沟壑区天然草原毒害草调查及管控对策  

Investigation and Control Strategies for Toxic Weeds in Natural Grasslands in the Hilly and Gully Region of Central Gansu Province

作　　者：王红霞 Wang Hongxia(Forestry Technology Guidance Station in Qin'an County,Qin'an 741600,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]天水市秦安县林业技术指导站,甘肃秦安741600

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第4期18-23,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：中央财政2022年秦安县草原有害生物普查资金项目(编号:2021-10-12-245)。

摘　　要：为明晰秦安县天然草原毒害草种类、分布、危害方式和危害程度,制定毒害草科学管控对策。以全国草原有害生物普查工作为契机,按照普查技术方案与毒害草调查技术,通过布设14条踏查路线和25个标准地进行调查。结果表明:秦安县天然草原毒害草共计21种,各镇均有分布,总体危害较轻,优势毒害草为披针叶野决明、鹅绒藤、刺儿菜、杠柳和飞廉。根据一般毒害草防治指标,披针叶野决明在中山镇部分地段、鹅绒藤在千户镇、王尹镇和兴国镇部分地段危害较重。小花棘豆和河朔荛花2种毒害草重要值虽较低,但小花棘豆在兴国镇部分地段发生较重,河朔荛花在西川镇、千户镇部分地段发生较重。从有关毒害草的研究新认识与生态利用价值角度出发,秦安县天然草原毒害草防控应转变观念,慎重选择物理、化学、生物防治措施,探索生态防治技术,通过加强监测预警、改善草原生态环境和科学利用等多种措施管控毒害草。To clarify the species,distribution,harm mechanisms,and severity of toxic weeds in natural grasslands of Qin'an County,scientific control strategies are formulated.Taking the national survey of harmful organisms in grasslands as an opportunity,according to the survey technology plan and toxic weed investigation technology,14 survey routes and 25 standard sites were set up for investigation.The results showed that there were a total of 21 types of toxic weeds in the natural grasslands of Qin'an County,distributed in all towns,with relatively light overall harm.The dominant toxic grass were Thermopsis lanceolata,Cynanchum chinense,Cirsium arvense var.Integrifolium,Periploca sepium and Carduus nutans.According to the general indicators for the prevention and control of toxic weeds,Thermopsis lanceolata is more harmful in some areas of Zhongshan Town;Cynanchum chinense is more harmful in some areas of Qianhu Town,Wangyin Town,and Xingguo Town.Although the importance values of two toxic weeds,Oxytropis glabra and Wikstroemia chamaedaphne are relatively low,Oxytropis glabra occurs more severely in some areas of Xingguo Town,while Wikstroemia chamaedaphne occurs more severely in some areas of Xichuan Town.From the perspectives of emerging research insights on toxic weeds and their ecological value,the control of toxic weeds in Qin'an County's natural grasslands should adopt a transformed approach,carefully selecting physical,chemical,and biological control measures while prioritizing the development of ecological control technologies.This could be achieved through integrated strategies including enhanced monitoring and early-warning systems,improvement of grassland ecosystems,and scientifically informed utilization practices to sustainably manage toxic weeds.

关 键 词：梁峁沟壑区 毒害草 调查 管控对策 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]