树种分布及气候变化影响研究——以哀牢山国家级自然保护区为例  

Tree Species Distribution and Effects of Climate Change in Ailao Mountain

作　　者：邓敏 欧光龙 Deng Min;Ou Guanglong(Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Malong District,Qujing 655199,Yunnan,China;Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]曲靖市马龙区林业和草原局,云南曲靖655199 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第4期30-35,共6页Journal of Green Science and Technology

摘　　要：哀牢山国家级自然保护区作为我国亚热带山地生态系统的重要组成部分,其复杂的地形地貌和显著的环境异质性为多样化的植物生境提供了支持。本研究以云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)、桤木(Alnus nepalensis)等主要建群树种为研究对象,利用全国森林资源二类调查数据和MaxEnt模型,结合多维环境因子,分析了树种分布格局及其对环境因子的响应机制,同时预测了未来气候变化情景下的潜在分布变化。结果表明:气候因子是驱动树种分布的关键因素,其中降水季节性和温度季节性对桤木和云南松的生境适宜性影响显著,而坡向通过调节光照和湿度条件进一步影响了思茅松和木荷的分布特征。在气候变暖情景下,云南松和思茅松的适宜分布区呈现向高海拔迁移的趋势,而桤木在低海拔区域的适宜性可能显著下降。本研究深化了对亚热带山地森林生态系统中树种分布与环境因子关系的理解,并为气候变化背景下的生物多样性保护与生态管理提供了科学依据。The Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve,a key component of China's subtropical mountain ecosystems,is characterized by its complex topography and significant environmental heterogeneity,providing diverse habitats for plant species.This study focuses on major constructive tree species,including Pinus yunnanensis,Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis,and Alnus nepalensis.Using the second-round national forest inventory data and the MaxEnt model,combined with multi-dimensional environmental factors,the distribution patterns of these species and their responses to environmental drivers are analyzed,while their potential distribution changes under future climate scenarios are also predicted.The results indicate that climatic factors,particularly precipitation seasonality and temperature seasonality,play a critical role in shaping species'habitat suitability,significantly influencing the distributions of Alnus nepalensis and Pinus yunnanensis.Slope aspect further modifies the distribution of Pinus kesiya and Schima superba by affecting light and humidity conditions.Under climate warming scenarios,suitable habitats for Pinus yunnanensis and Pinus kesiya are expected to shift to higher altitudes,while the low-altitude suitability of Alnus nepalensis may decline significantly.This study enhances the understanding of the relationships between species distribution and environmental factors in subtropical mountain ecosystems and provides scientific insights for biodiversity conservation and ecological management under climate change.

关 键 词：哀牢山国家级自然保护区 树种分布 MaxEnt模型 环境因子 气候变化 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]