草木灰+EM菌+生物炭配施对设施土壤微生物和番茄生长与果实品质的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Different Doses of Biochar,Plant Ash and EM Bacteria on the Soil Microorganisms,Tomato Growth and Fruit Quality in Protected Facilities

作　　者：张楠 范拴喜[1,2] 孙旻涵 崔佳茜 Zhang Nan;Fan Shuanxi;Sun Minghan;Cui Jiaxi(College of Geography and Environment Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation of Shaanxi Province,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《绿色科技》2025年第5期71-77,143,共8页Journal of Green Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省科技厅自然科学基金项目(编号:2020SF-438);宝鸡文理学院博士启动资金资助;宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院“区域生态环境与污染修复创新团队”创新创业项目。

摘　　要：旨在探讨不同改良剂配施量对设施土壤微生物、番茄植株生长及果实品质的影响。以陕西省太白县的设施蔬菜大棚作为试验地点。以草木灰(C)、EM菌(E)和生物炭(S)为供试材料,试验设计了7个处理,不添加任何改良剂的空白对照(CK)和6种不同浓度的处理(T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6)。结果表明:添加(CES)后,各处理对提高土壤微生物群落丰富度和多样性次序为:T3>T4>T6>T2>CK>T5>T1。与CK相比,T3土壤中细菌香农指数和辛普森指数均有所提高,且T3群落丰富度和多样性最高;添加(CES)后,各处理对提升番茄植株理化性质和品质的影响显著。与CK相比,T4使植株全氮、全磷、全钾和干物质量增加最多;T4使果实水溶性糖、纵径和横径增加最多;T4减少番茄总酸度最显著。结论:施用草木灰2270 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭4550 kg/hm^(2)+EM菌50 L/hm^(2)(T3)对提升土壤微生物多样性,调整群落结构的改良效果最佳;草木灰3030 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭6060 kg/hm^(2)+EM菌37.5 L/hm^(2)(T4)对番茄植株理化性质和品质的改良效果最佳。This study aims to explore the impacts of different application amounts of soil amendments on the microorganisms in greenhouse soil,the growth of tomato plants and the quality of tomato fruits.The protected vegetable greenhouses in Taibai County,Shaanxi Province is taken as the experimental site.With plant ash(C),EM bacteria(E)and biochar(S)as the test materials,the experiment designed 7 treatments,including the blank control(CK)without adding any amendments and six treatments with different concentrations(T1~T6).The outcomes indicated that following the addition of(CES),in terms of enhancing the richness and diversity of the soil microbial community,the sequence of each treatment is as follows:T3>T4>T6>T2>Control(CK)>T5>T1.When contrasted with CK,compared with the control(CK),both the Shannon index and the Simpson index of bacteria in the T3 soil showed an increase.After the incorporation of(CES),each treatment exerted a significant impact on enhancing the physical and chemical properties and quality of tomato plants.To be more precise,in comparison to CK,T4 brought about the largest increments in the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and dry matter mass of the plants.T4 led to the most substantial enhancements in the water-soluble sugar content,longitudinal diameter,and transverse diameter of the fruits.T4 also achieved the most pronounced reduction in the total acidity of tomatoes.Based on a comprehensive evaluation,the application of 2270 kg/hm^(2) of plant ash+4550 kg/hm^(2) of biochar+50 L/hm^(2) of EM bacteria(T3)shows a very remarkable and beneficial improvement effect in terms of enhancing the diversity of the soil microbial community and optimizing the community structure.Correspondingly,3030 kg/hm^(2) of plant ash+6060 kg/hm^(2) of biochar+37.5 L/hm^(2) of EM bacteria(T4)exhibited the best ameliorative effect on the physical and chemical properties and quality of tomato plants.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 设施土壤 土壤微生物 番茄 植株理化性质 果实品质 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学]