论中国乡约制度蕴含的乡村社会治理思想  

Thoughts of Rural Social Governance Contained in Ancient Chinese Xiangyue

作　　者：黄晗 Huang Han(Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学,北京100048

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2025年第2期100-113,共14页Journal of Modernization Studies

摘　　要：发掘中华优秀传统文化中的有效治理资源,推动其创造性转化和创新性发展,是探索中国特色基层治理路径的重要议题。乡约是中国古代的一种基层德化规范,起始于北宋蓝田《吕氏乡约》,后逐渐与保甲、社仓、社学等乡治制度融合,形成了一种以德治为中心,涵盖社会治安、争讼调解、赋税收缴、经济民生等领域的综合性乡治体系。乡约制度所蕴含的乡村社会治理思想主要体现为:“治一国必自治一乡始”的乡里德治思想;“教养兼施、富而后教”的制度与价值协同思想;“欲民之先自教养,以代政府之不能”的社会自力救济思想以及“以民力补充官力,以官力提策民力”的国家与社会良性互动思想。Xiangyue,or village convenance,is a kind of grassroots moral institution in ancient China,which had its origins in Lv Shi Xiang Yue(village convenance of Lv family)at Shaanxi province in Northern Song Dynasty.However,in the historical process,it gradually combined with some other official institutions such as Baojia(village security),Shecang(village granary)and Shexue(village school),and thus developed a comprehensive rural governance system centered on moral governance but also including social security,dispute resolution,tax collection,economy and people’s livelihood.The reference of Xiangyue has to provide to the current rural social governance mainly lies in four aspects:first,the governance of a whole country could be started with the moral governance of each single village.Second,issues concerning value and moral should be emphasized as well as people’s livelihood in rural governance.Third,the power of rural communities should be emphasized and be harnessed to assist the governments.Fourth,the positive interaction between the state and society is crucial to social governance.

关 键 词：乡约 社会治理 国家治理 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学] D69[历史地理—中国史]