20世纪西方现代化理论演进评析  

Review on the Evolution of Western Modernization Theories in the 20th Century

作　　者：北京大学现代化研究中心课题组 王浦劬[1,2,3] Wang Puqu;Yin Jun;He Bei;Luo Lie;Wei Dongjie(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871 [2]北京大学国家治理研究院 [3]北京大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究院

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2025年第2期138-160,共23页Journal of Modernization Studies

摘　　要：20世纪以来,西方现代化理论经历了三次演进:20世纪50年代,以经典现代化理论及其修正理论为代表;20世纪60年代初期,以依附论与世界体系论为代表;20世纪60年代中后期,主要包括发展型国家理论、东亚区域体系复现论、后现代主义相关理论、后工业社会、生态现代化以及反现代化理论等。尽管西方现代化理论的目标设定呈现从单一向度向多领域复合向度的演变,路径设定逐渐承认发展中国家的特殊性,但是,这些理论实质上仍然以资本主导为底层逻辑,并没有深入分析和揭示西方社会的根本矛盾,无法认识和把握发展中国家现代化的多向度、多要素及其辩证关系,因此难以为发展中国家的现代化提供有效指导。Since the 20th century,the development of western modernization theories has undergone three major evolutionary phases.The first category of theories emerged in the 1950s,represented by the classical modernization theory and its revised versions,which posit the modernization of Western developed countries as the benchmark model,contending that developing countries ought to emulate both the goals and pathways of developed countries’modernization.The second category arose in the early 1960s,exemplified by dependency theory and world systems theory,which maintains the goals of Western modernization as the target for developing countries while advocating breaking away from“Western-centrism”in the implementation process,pursuing an anti-dependency modernization path.The third category has emerged during the mid-to-late 1960s,comprising reflective modernization theories such as the developmental state theory,East Asian regional system reproduction theory,postmodernism-related theories,post-industrial society theory,ecological modernization theory,and anti-modernization theory,which emphasize that developing countries should critically examine the drawbacks of Western modernization,seek alternative solutions,and explore practical pathways toward modernization.Although the goal-setting of Western modernization theories has shifted from a singular focus on economic development to a multidimensional framework across various domains,and the pathway-setting has gradually come to acknowledge the relative particularities of developing countries,these theories remain fundamentally constrained by a capital-dominated underlying logic,failing to deeply analyze the fundamental contradictions of Western society.Furthermore,they lack a clear understanding and grasp of the multi-dimensional and multi-faceted elements,as well as their dialectical relationships,within the modernization processes of developing countries.Consequently,they are insufficient to provide effective guidance for the modernization of developing countries.

关 键 词：西方现代化理论 经典现代化理论 依附论 世界体系论 现代化反思理论 

分 类 号：C09[社会学]