消防电梯的高层建筑火灾初期混合疏散模式  

Simulation study on mixed evacuation model for fire elevator in high-rise buildings during the initials tage of fire

作　　者：刘伟杰 赵道亮 郑祝雨 宋作启 LIU Weijie;ZHAO Daoliang;ZHENG Zhuyu;SONG Zuoqi(School of Urban Construction and Safety Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China)

机构地区：[1]上海应用技术大学城市建设与安全工程学院,上海201418

出　　处：《应用技术学报》2025年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Technology

摘　　要：为探索高层建筑利用消防电梯提高疏散效率的可行性,研究混合疏散的策略,以某超高层办公楼为载体,采用火灾动力学模拟工具(FDS)和Pathfinder软件对火灾和疏散进行模拟实验。通过分析火灾烟气对消防电梯前室的影响,得到可用安全疏散时间(ASET),对某超高层建筑的楼梯-电梯混合疏散模式进行研究,确定了避难层模式存在最佳混合疏散比例。在考虑火灾因素的混合疏散研究中,针对不同消防电梯前室的ASET制定电梯运行策略。结果表明:避难层43%的人员使用消防电梯疏散时,疏散效率最高,与全楼梯疏散相比疏散效率提升34.6%。考虑火灾影响时,着火层1号前室的消防电梯在520 s停止停靠,5号前室的消防电梯在430 s停止停靠,疏散时间为5570.8 s,与全楼梯疏散相比效率提升了5.9%。因此,超高层建筑在避难层模式下疏散效率最高,普通高层建筑在火灾初期使用消防电梯进行疏散可在保证人员安全的同时提高疏散效率。研究结果为制定高层建筑火灾应急疏散预案提供依据。To explore the feasibility of enhancing evacuation efficiency in high-rise buildings by utilizing fire elevators and to investigate strategies for combined staircase-elevator evacuation,a simulation experiment involving fire and evacuation scenarios was conducted using fire dynamics simulation tool(FDS)and Pathfinder software in a super high-rise office building.By analyzing the impact of fire smoke on the fire elevator lobbies,the available safe egress time(ASET)was determined.Subsequently,the combined staircase-elevator evacuation model in a super high-rise building was studied,and an optimal mixed evacuation ratio for the refuge floor model was identified.In the mixed evacuation study considering fire factors,elevator operation strategies were developed based on the ASET of different fire elevator lobbies.The results indicate that the maximum evacuation efficiency occurs when 43%of the occupants on the refuge floor use the fire elevators,achieving a 34.6%improvement in evacuation efficiency compared to full-staircase evacuation.When considering the fire impacts,the fire elevator at Lobby 1 on the fire floor stops operating at 520 seconds,and the elevator at Lobby 5 stops at 430 seconds,with an overall evacuation time of 5570.8 seconds,representing a 5.9%efficiency improvement compared to full-staircase evacuation.Therefore,the evacuation efficiency is highest for super high-rise buildings under the refuge floor model,and the use of fire elevators during the initial stages of a fire in ordinary high-rise buildings can enhance evacuation efficiency while ensuring occupant safety.The findings provide references for developing emergency evacuation plans for fires in high-rise buildings.

关 键 词：高层建筑 混合疏散 消防电梯 火灾动力学模拟工具(FDS) Pathfinder软件 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]