北京远郊区山地外来植物构成及分布特征研究  

Study on the Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Invasive Plants in the Mountainous Areas of Beijing's Suburban Districts

作　　者：苏雨崝 SU Yuzheng(CCCC First Highway Consultants CO.,LTD,Xian Shanxi 710075)

机构地区：[1]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2025年第1期33-41,共9页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：实地调查北京远郊区山地植被,分析其物种来源、构成特点、分布格局与应用类型。结果表明:本次共调查到远郊区山地植物329种,其中乡土植物305种,约占92.71%;外来植物24种,约占7.29%;入侵植物11种,约占3.34%。外来植物共15科22属24种。优势科为豆科、菊科、旋花科。外来植物中乔木4种,灌木5种,草本11种,藤本4种。入侵植物中,乔木2种,灌木0种,草本7种,藤本2种。外来植物有国内外来植物10种,国外外来植物14种。入侵植物全为国外外来。外来植物以原产亚洲为主,入侵植物以原产南美洲为主。外来植物群落占群落总数的41.59%,入侵植物群落占群落总数的30.97%,且多位于低海拔。道路沿线和景区入口尤其集中。北京远郊区山地的植物入侵现象需要引起注意,部分外来物种已表现一定的入侵性,如火炬树、圆叶牵牛、裂叶牵牛、五叶地锦、牛膝菊、紫花苜蓿。部分栽培引进植物逸生对山地植被造成影响,应在园林绿化活动中尽量使用乡土植物,谨慎使用国外物种。Based on the a survey of vegetation in the natural mountains on the outskirts of Beijing,this paper analyzes the origin of species,composition characteristics,distribution pattern and application features.The results as follows:There are 329 plant species in this survey,of which 305 are native,accounting for 92.71%,while 24 species are exotic,comprising 7.29%,and 11 species are invasive,representing about 3.34%.The surveyed plants belong to 15 families,22 genera and 24 species of alien plants.The dominant families are Leguminous,Compositae and Convolvulaceae.Among the surveyed plants,there are 4 species of trees,5 species of shrubs,11 herbaceous plants and 4 species of vines.Among the invasive plants,there are 2 species of trees,no shrubs,7 herbaceous,and 2 species of vine.Of the alien plants,there are 10 species introduced from within China and 14 species from abroad.All Invasive plants are from abroad.Alien plants are primarily from Asia,while invasive plants are mainly from South America.Alien plant communities account for 41.59%of the total community,and invasive plant communities account for 30.97%,with most of them located at low altitudes.The entrance to roads and scenic areas are particularly concentrated with these plants.The phenomenon of plant invasion in the natural mountains on the outskirts of Beijing requires attention.Some alien species have shown invasive tendencies and should be taken seriously,such as Rhus Typhina,Pharbitis nil,Parthenocissus quinquefolia,Galinsoga parviflora,and Medicago sativa.A significant number of artificially introduced plants have escaped and begun to grow,thereby affecting the natural vegetation.Native plants should be prioritized in landscaping activities,and caution should be exercised when using species originating from abroad.

关 键 词：北京远郊区 山地 外来植物 植物入侵 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]