苹果智能滴灌水肥一体化应用效果初探  

Preliminary Study on the Application Effects of Intelligent Drip Irrigation and Integrated Water and Fertilizer Management in Apple Cultivation

作　　者：唐金 乌买尔江·热合曼提江 米拉古丽·吐尔逊 赵兵 卢磊 TANG Jin;Wumaierjiang·rehemantijiang;Milaguli·tuerxun;ZHAO Bin;LU Lei(Yili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Forestry Sciences,Yining Xinjiang,835000)

机构地区：[1]伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2025年第1期72-79,共8页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：2022年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新[2022]TG17号);新疆产业技术体系(XJLGCYJSTX04-2024-19)。

摘　　要：智能水肥一体化具有水肥利用效率高、人工成本低等特点。本文采用智能滴灌施肥和常规沟灌施肥两种方法,在用水、施肥用工量等方面进行综合评价分析,为智能水肥一体化的推广应用提供借鉴参考。结果表明:通过对苹果园的土壤水分运移规律进行研究,采用2 L/h滴头,持续滴灌8 h,可在土壤0~40 cm深度范围内形成宽度50~120 cm湿润带。根据苹果树生长各个发育阶段对营养元素的需求不同,配比不同的营养元素,确定营养元素的施入量单株为:结果树为N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=90.5 g-61.5 g-112.5 g,幼龄树为N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=56 g-37.3 g-56 g。将苹果树每个生长发育阶段的单株施肥量和每个轮灌区的株数相乘,即可得出每个轮灌区施肥量,再根据肥料特性,每10 d施肥一次,制定苹果园智能滴灌施肥制度。采用智能滴灌水肥一体化系统,与常规灌溉(沟灌)对比,节水率84.73%,节省用工率达95.7%,667m^(2)节本增效320元。Intelligent water and fertilizer integration has the characteristics of high water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and a significant reduction in labor costs.Two methods were used to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the water use and fertilization:intelligent drip irrigation and fertilization,and conventional furrow irrigation and fertilization.This study aims to provide a reference for the popularization and application of intelligent water and fertilizer integration.The results showed that,through the study of soil moisture migration in an apple orchard,using a 2 L/h dripper with continuous drip irrigation for 8 hours can form a wet zone with a width of 50-120 cm in the depth range of 0-40 cm.According to the different growth stages of apple trees,the demand for nutrient elements varires,and the optical ratio of different nutrient elements was determined.The amount of nutrient elements applied to the single fruit-bearing tree is N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=90.5g-61.5g-112.5g,while for young trees,it is N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O=56g-37.3g-56g.The amount of fertilizer applied per plant at each growth and development stage of the apple tree is multiplied by the number of plants in each irrigation area to obtain the total amount of fertilizer applied in each area.Based on the characteristics of the fertilizer,it is applied once every 10 days,and the intelligent drip irrigation fertilization system for the apple orchard is formulated.Compared with conventional irrigation(furrow irrigation),the intelligent drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration system achieves a water-saving rate of 84.73%,a labor-saving rate of 95.7%,and a cost-saving efficiency of 320 yuan per 667 m^(2).

关 键 词：智能滴灌 水肥一体化 苹果 伊犁河谷 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S275.6[农业科学—园艺学]