秋海棠属植物的花粉形态及其系统进化与分类学指示意义  

POLLEN MORPHOLOGY OF BEGONIA L.AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR SYSTEMATIC EVOLUTION AND TAXONOMY

作　　者：韦嘉胜 郝秀东 欧阳绪红 劳月英 薛美玲 秦琳娟 王艾岚 陆雅娴 WEI Jiasheng;HAO Xiudong;OUYANG Xuhong;LAO Yueying;XUE Meiling;QIN Linjuan;WANG Ailan;LU Yaxian(Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf(Nanning Normal University),Ministry of Education,Nanning 530001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation(Nanning Normal University),Nanning 530001,China;State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Insititute of Geology and Palaentology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics,MNR&GZAR,Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS,Guilin 541004,China;Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization,Beihai 536000,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学北部湾环境演变与资源利用教育部重点实验室,南宁530001 [2]南宁师范大学广西地表过程与智能模拟重点实验室,南宁530001 [3]中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所古生物学与油气地层应用全国重点实验室,南京210008 [4]自然资源部/广西岩溶动力学重点实验室,中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,桂林541004 [5]广西海洋科学院广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室,北海536000

出　　处：《微体古生物学报(中英文)》2025年第1期71-83,共13页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：广西自然科学基金(批准号:2023GXNSFBA026263,2025GXNSFAA069308);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42001076,U20A2048和41861020);中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所古生物学与油气地层应用全国重点实验室(批准号:223109);广西岩溶动力学重大科技创新基地开放基金(KDL&Guangxi 202204);广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室开放基金(GKLMC-201902)联合资助。

摘　　要：采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对10种秋海棠属植物花粉形态进行观察研究,结果表明:花粉形态为长球形或超长球形,P/E为(1.61±0.13)−(2.18±0.11);花粉大小(P×E)为(15.09±0.81)μm×(9.06±0.32)μm~(28.3±0.87)μm×(15.95±0.76)μm,属于小型或中型;萌发孔类型为三孔沟型;外壁纹饰为高条纹状或矮条纹状纹饰,条纹间偶尔可见极小的浅穴或穿孔;结合聚类分析和非度量多维尺度分析结果,发现昌感秋海棠与丝形秋海棠、金秀秋海棠与鹿寨秋海棠、以及多花秋海棠与吕宋秋海棠两两之间存在较近的亲缘关系;丝形秋海棠、鹿寨秋海棠、多花秋海棠、吕宋秋海棠和大王秋海棠5种应属于相对原始类型;掌裂叶秋海棠和昌感秋海棠2种应属于进化中的过渡类型;四季秋海棠、金秀秋海棠和迪特希里秋海棠这3种应属于更进化类型。不同种秋海棠花粉的形状、大小以及外壁纹饰特征存在明显差异,特别是吕宋秋海棠,其沟狭长达两极,在极区形成合沟,可以与其他种很好地区分出来。该结果可以为秋海棠属植物的物种鉴定、分类、亲缘关系及其系统演化等研究提供重要的孢粉学证据。Using optical and scanning electron microscopy,the pollen morphology of 10 species of Begonia L.was observed and studied.The results indicate that the pollen grains are either prolate spheroidal or super-prolate spheroidal,with a P/E ratio of(1.61±0.13)−(2.18±0.11).The pollen size(P×E)ranges from(15.09±0.81)μm×(9.06±0.32)μm~(28.3±0.87)μm×(15.95±0.76)μm,classifying them as small or medium-sized.The germination pore type is tricolporate.The outer wall decoration is characterized by high or low striae,with very small,shallow pits or perforations occasionally visible between striae.Based on cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis,the study shows that B.cavaleriei and B.filiformis are closely related to each other,the same as B.glechomifolia and B.luzhaiensis,and B.sinofloribunda and B.luzonensis.Five species of B.filiformis,B.luzhaiensis,B.sinofloribunda,B.luzonensis and B.rex are relatively primitive types as compared to the three more evolved species of B.cucullata,B.glechomifolia,and B.dietrichiana,with the rest two species of B.pedatifida and B.cavaleriei being transitional in evolution.There are significant differences in pollen shape,size,and outer wall ornamentation between different Begonia species.B.luzonensis is notabe in having narrow colpi that extend to the pole,forming a syncolpus at pole,which well distinguishes this species from the others.These results provide important palynological evidence for the species identification,classification,phylogenetic relationships,and systematic evolution in Begonia.

关 键 词：花粉形态 秋海棠属 分类学 

分 类 号：Q944.42[生物学—植物学]