复杂地形和土壤电导率对雷电电磁波传播影响及雷电定位优化  

Influences of Complex Terrain and Soil Conductivity on the Propagation of Lightning Electromagnetic Waves and Optimization of Lightning Location

作　　者：王宇 谷山强[1,2,3,4] 冯万兴 李健[1,2,3,4] 李哲 赵多青[5] WANG Yu;GU Shanqiang;FENG Wanxing;LI Jian;LI Zhe;ZHAO Duoqing(State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.(NARI Group Co.,Ltd.),Nanjing 211199,China;Wuhan NARI Limited Liability Company of State Grid Electric Power Research Institute,Wuhan 430206,China;State Key Laboratory of Lightning Disaster Monitoring and Warning and Protection,Wuhan 430206,China;Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Grid Lightning Risk Prevention,Wuhan 430206,China;State Grid Tibet Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Lhasa 850001,China)

机构地区：[1]国网电力科学研究院有限公司(南瑞集团有限公司),南京211199 [2]国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,武汉430206 [3]国家能源雷电灾害监测预警与安全防护重点实验室,武汉430206 [4]电网雷击风险预防湖北省重点实验室,武汉430206 [5]国网西藏电力有限公司,拉萨850001

出　　处：《高电压技术》2025年第4期1912-1921,共10页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目(5200-202340150A-1-1-ZN)。

摘　　要：针对已有雷电电磁波传播研究主要通过理论分析或假设来获得定性影响规律,研究结果对雷电监测应用支撑不足的问题,该文构建了考虑真实复杂地形和土壤电导率分布的雷电电磁波传播模型,并以西藏电网广域雷电监测系统为研究对象,专门针对雷电探测站开展了雷电电磁波传播时延和幅值变化的定量计算,在此基础上提出适用于工程应用的雷电定位优化方法。结果表明:1)雷电电磁波接收时间主要受地形影响,在西藏63个探测站300 km范围内,复杂地形可导致接收时间最大延迟6μs;而雷电电磁波幅值受到地形和土壤电导率共同影响,地形主要通过波形的折反射增加幅值,而有限土壤电导率对波形幅值造成衰减。在地形相对平坦地区,电导率分布对幅值影响较为明显,电导率可造成幅值衰减1/3;而在地形复杂地区,地形的影响则占主导,可增强波形幅值达1倍以上。2)考虑地形和土壤电导率后,西藏电网雷电监测系统需要修正的雷电定位位置误差主要分布在400 m内,定位误差在0~200 m和200~400 m的区域占比约70%;定位误差400~600 m、600~800 m的区域占比约15%。雷电流经校正后在大部分地区雷电流值减小,减小的区域占比约90%。The existing lightning electromagnetic wave propagation research mainly obtains the qualitative influence law through theoretical analysis or hypothesis,and the research results have insufficient support for the application of lightning monitoring.To address the issues above,this paper constructs a lightning electromagnetic wave propagation model considering the real complex terrain and soil conductivity distribution,and takes the Xizang power grid wide-area lightning monitoring system as the research object;moreover,a quantitative calculation of the propagation delay and amplitude changes of lightning electromagnetic waves is carried out specifically for lightning detection stations,and based on this,a lightning positioning optimization method suitable for engineering applications is proposed.The research results show that:(1)The receiving time of lightning electromagnetic wave is mainly affected by the terrain.Within the 300 km range of 63 detection stations in Xizang,the complex terrain can lead to a maximum delay of 6μs;the amplitude of lightning electromagnetic waves is jointly affected by terrain and soil conductivity.Terrain mainly increases the amplitude through the refraction and reflection of the waveform,while limited soil conductivity causes attenuation of the waveform amplitude.In relatively flat terrain areas,the distribution of conductivity has a significant impact on the amplitude,and conductivity can cause a 1/3 attenuation of the amplitude;in areas with complex terrain,the influence of terrain dominates and can enhance the waveform amplitude by more than one time.(2)Considering the terrain and soil conductivity,the lightning location error that needs to be corrected by the lightning monitoring system of Xizang Power Grid is mainly distributed within 400 m,and the area with location error between 0~200 m and 200~400 m accounts for about 70%;the area with positioning errors of 400~600 m and 600~800 m accounts for about 15%.After lightning peak current correction,it decreases in most areas,and the

关 键 词：复杂地形 土壤电导率 雷电电磁波 雷电流 雷电定位 

分 类 号：TM862[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术] P427.32[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]