基于真空电弧伏安特性的大电流真空多断口并联动态均流特性  

Dynamic Current-sharing Characteristics of Large-current Vacuum Multi-breakers Based on Vacuum Arc Volt-ampere Characteristics

作　　者：韩翔宇 杨飞[1,2] 陈洪斌 李刚[1,2,3] 孙晋茹[1,2] 荣命哲 HAN Xiangyu;YANG Fei;CHENG Hongbin;LI Gang;SUN Jinru;RONG Mingzhe(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Xi’an High Voltage Apparatus Research Institute,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学电气工程学院,西安710049 [3]西安高压电器研究院,西安710049

出　　处：《高电压技术》2025年第4期1922-1933,共12页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2403600);国家自然科学基金(U22B20121);陕西省“三秦学者”创新团队项目(西安交通大学先进直流电力装备关键技术及其产业化示范创新团队);陕西省资助项目(2022KXJ-142)。

摘　　要：高压、大容量发电机断路器是发电厂的关键电力开关设备,其额定电流与故障电流均超出了单个真空灭弧室的容量极限,需并联多个真空灭弧室。针对真空多断口并联动态燃弧过程中的均流问题,搭建了真空燃弧实验平台,开展了40~80 kA大电流燃弧实验,并用高速摄影仪同步拍摄电弧形态。根据大电流真空电弧的伏安特性将燃弧过程划分为瞬态起弧阶段、电弧演变的非稳定阶段和电弧演变的稳定阶段,详细分析了电弧形态、电流等级对伏安特性的影响规律。提出了基于不同燃弧阶段下伏安特性的大电流真空电弧的电路模型,电弧电压的仿真误差最大仅为弧压极值的4.99%。之后,建立了大电流真空多断口并联均流的仿真拓扑,研究了起弧延时和支路阻抗对动态均流的影响规律,并阐明了最佳起弧延时的绝对值会随着静态均流系数的降低而提高。最后,开展了100 kA真空多断口并联均流实验,成功实现了较好的均流效果,也验证了所提模型的预测能力。该结论将为高压、大容量发电机断路器开断性能的提升奠定基础。High-voltage,large-capacity generator circuit breaker is a key power switchgear in power plants,and its rated current and fault current are beyond the capacity limit of a single vacuum interrupter,which needs to be connected in parallel with multiple vacuum interrupters.In order to deal with the dynamic current-sharing in the arcing process of vacuum multi-breakers in parallel,a vacuum arcing experimental platform was set up,high-current arcing experiments of 40 kA~80 kA were carried out,and the arc morphology was synchronously filmed by high-speed camera.According to the volt-ampere characteristics of vacuum arc with high current,the arcing process was divided into transient arc initiation stage,unstable arc evolution stage,and stable arc evolution stage.The influences of arc morphology and current level on volt-ampere characteristics were analyzed in detail.The circuit model of high-current vacuum arc based on volt-ampere characteristics at different arcing stages was proposed.The maximum simulation error of arc voltage was only 4.99%of the extreme value of arc voltage.Then,the simulation topology for parallel current-sharing of vacuum multi-breakers under high-current was established,and the influence of arcing delay and branch impedance on dynamic current sharing was studied.The absolute value of optimal arcing delay increased with the decrease of static current-sharing coefficient.Finally,the parallel current-sharing experiment of vacuum multi-breakers under 100 kA was carried out,a better current-sharing effect was achieved successfully,and the prediction ability of the proposed model was also verified.The conclusion of this paper will lay a foundation for improving the breaking performance of high-voltage and large-capacity GCB.

关 键 词：发电机断路器 真空多断口 伏安特性 静态均流特性 动态均流特性 

分 类 号：TM561[电气工程—电器]