采用三源数据误差估计方法评估多种卫星温湿廓线产品  

Application of Three-Cornered Hat Method to Evaluate Errors of Temperature and Humidity Profiles Derived from Various Satellites

作　　者：张悦 高郁东 任素玲 ZHANG Yue;GAO Yudong;REN Suling(Key Laboratory of Core Tech on NWP-AI Integrated Forecast for Hazardous Precipitation,Chongqing Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Chongqing 401147;National Satellite Meteorological Centre(National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Centre),Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite,Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]致灾降水数值模式与人工智能融合预报关键技术研究重点实验室/重庆市气象科学研究所,重庆401147 [2]国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心)/许健民气象卫星创新中心/中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《气象科技》2025年第2期167-176,共10页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金气象联合基金(U2342220);中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022P017);重庆市气象部门业务技术攻关项目(YYJSGG-202212)共同资助。

摘　　要：全球大气温湿度廓线是研究极端天气和气候变化的重要数据集。本文利用三源资料误差评估方法评估了2021年风云三号极轨卫星(FY-3D)和美国极轨卫星(Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership,NPP)以及掩星探测系统(Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate-2,COSMIC2)的温湿度廓线产品的误差。结果表明:①三类温度廓线均方根误差垂直分布相似,在对流层中低层(700~300 hPa)一致性较好,且小于2 K;对比三类湿度廓线,FY-3D湿度廓线的均方根误差最大,NPP的均方根误差最小。②晴空条件下FY-3D温湿度廓线均方根误差较全天空条件减小最显著;NPP温湿度廓线误差有微弱减小;受洋面超折射现象的影响,COSMIC2温湿度廓线低层反演精度有所降低。③与单一资料评估法相比,三源数据误差估计方法考虑了基准数据自身的误差后,计算的COSMIC2温湿度廓线误差在对流层低层分别增加了0.4 K和0.3 g·kg^(-1)。The global atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles are key datasets for studying extreme weather and climate change.However,the atmospheric profiles derived from satellite measurements include multiple error sources,such as instrument error,errors of retrieval algorithms,and quality control.Therefore,evaluating the errors of atmospheric profiles accurately is beneficial to understanding the features of derived atmospheric profiles and applying them in operations and research.The Three-cornered Hat(3CH)method,using the error model of X i=truth+b+e i,estimates the errors of various datasets by solving linear equations.Unlike the single data evaluation method,the 3CH method uses uncorrelated datasets and does not assume that any reference dataset is error-free.In this study,the errors of atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles derived from the Fengyun-3D polar-orbiting satellite(FY-3D),the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership(NPP),and the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology,Ionosphere and Climate 2(COSMIC2)in 2021 are evaluated by the 3CH method.The differences between the 3CH method and the single data evaluation method,using ECMWF Reanalysis v5(ERA5)as the reference dataset,are also discussed.The results show that:(1)The errors of three temperature and humidity profiles present similar vertical distributions.Especially around 700-300 hPa,the errors of all temperature profiles are less than 2 K,illustrating all temperature profiles are consistent and accurate in the middle and lower troposphere.In comparison of three humidity profiles,the FY-3D and NPP profiles present the largest and smallest errors,respectively.(2)Compared with all-sky situations,the errors of temperature and humidity profiles derived from FY-3D decline obviously in clear-sky situations.The differences in NPP profile errors between all-sky and clear-sky are very small,illustrating the effects of clouds on NPP profiles are minute.The COSMIC2 profile errors become a little larger at lower layers,because the occultation o

关 键 词：三源数据误差估计方法 大气温湿廓线 误差评估 

分 类 号：P413.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]