湖南两次不同类型大雾过程特征及水汽源对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Characteristics and Water Vapor Sources of Two Different Types of High-Impact Fog Processes

作　　者：赵恩榕 潘筱龙 尹新怀 姚倩 周伟 刘红武 胡燕 陈龙 苏涛 ZHAO Enrong;PAN Xiaolong;YIN Xinhuai;YAO Qian;ZHOU Wei;LIU Hongwu;HU Yan;CHEN Long;SU Tao(Hunan Meteorological Observatory,Changsha 410118;Hunan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Changsha 410118;Dongting Lake National Climatic Observatory,Yueyang 414000;Hunan Meteorological Technology and Equipment Center,Changsha 410118;Hunan Meteorological Bureau Organ Service Center,Changsha 410118)

机构地区：[1]湖南省气象台,长沙410118 [2]气象防灾减灾湖南省重点实验室,长沙410118 [3]洞庭湖国家气候观象台,岳阳414000 [4]湖南省气象技术装备中心,长沙410118 [5]湖南省气象局机关服务中心,长沙410118

出　　处：《气象科技》2025年第2期235-246,共12页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：湖南省气象局重点专项(CXFZ2023-ZDZX01);湖南省气象创新发展专项(CXFZ2024-FZZX40,CXFZ2023-FZZX27);湖南省气象局业务能力建设项目(NLJS15);湖南省自然科学基金(2025JJ80283);湖南省气象局研究型业务预报预测专项(XQKJ21C010,XQKJ21C008,XQKJ22C008);湖南省气象台青年创新基金科研项目(QNJJ202202、QNJJ202505、QNJJ202506)共同资助。

摘　　要：利用常规观测资料、高速公路灾情数据与NCEP再分析资料,对湖南省2021年12月31日发生的平流雾和2022年1月19日发生的辐射雾环流背景、气象要素、物理量场、对高速公路的影响及HYSPLIT后向轨迹模拟的水汽来源进行对比分析。结果表明:①2次大雾过程高空都出现了多层逆温,大气层结稳定,地面相对湿度大于98%。②2次大雾过的天气形势差异明显,平流雾700~600 hPa有强烈的暖平流发展,地面为弱冷高压控制,辐射雾500 hPa为槽后偏北气流控制,地面为均压场,大雾发生期间整层转为冷平流;平流雾过程期间气温较辐射雾低。③两类大雾水汽来源和水汽输送高度存在明显差异,辐射雾水汽全部来自鄂西山地、江淮地区、青海高原和准噶尔盆地4条内陆通道,其中青海高原和准噶尔盆地高层通道快速输送干冷空气,鄂西山地、江淮地区低层通道的缓慢输送湿冷空气;平流雾水汽分别来自重庆北部、青海高原2条内陆通道和孟加拉湾、印度半岛2条低纬度洋面通道,其中低纬度洋面中高层通道快速输送暖湿空气,内陆低层通道缓慢输送冷空气。分析和研究结果有助于预报员提高湖南这两类大雾天气的预报预警准确率,同时为交通部门大雾天气精准管控提供参考依据。Two high-impact processes of advection fog on 31 December 2021 and radiation fog on 19 January 2022 occurred in Hunan.Using conventional weather observations,highway disaster data,and NCEP reanalysis data,the weather background,meteorological elements,physical quantity fields,their effects on highways,and the water vapour source of HYSPLIT backward trajectory simulation of the two processes are compared and analysed.The results show that during the two fog processes,the middle and high latitudes of 500 hPa show a circulation situation of two troughs and one ridge,there are multi-layer inversions,the atmospheric stratification is stable,and the relative humidity of the ground is above 98%.In terms of water vapour transport,there is a rapid sinking transport of water vapour in the north.The main and strongest water vapour transport in the near-surface channel is a short-distance and slow-moving channel entering Hunan through the mountainous area of western Hubei,and the contribution rate of water vapour flux accounts for more than 50%,indicating that the continuous and slow infiltration of cold and wet air near the ground layer is conducive to the cooling and condensation of the gas block to form droplets.There are obvious differences in the low-level,ground situation and meteorological elements during the two heavy fog processes.The first advection fog process has a strong warm advection development at 700-600 hPa,and the ground is controlled by weak cold high pressure,accompanied by the thickening of the inversion layer.The second radiation fog process is controlled by the northerly airflow behind the trough at 500 hPa,and the ground is a weak pressure field.During the fog,the whole layer turns to cold advection.The temperature during the advection fog process is lower than that during the radiation fog process.There are obvious differences in water vapour sources and the height of water vapour channels between the two processes.The radiation fog transports cold air in the northern channel,two in the upper and tw

关 键 词：大雾 灾害天气 水汽通量 HYSPLIT后向轨迹 

分 类 号：P426.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]