当代西方文学批评的动物转向  

The Animal Turn in Contemporary Western Literary Criticism

作　　者：杨宗良 Yang Zongliang(Shandong University,Jinan,China 250100;the University of California,Riverside,USA 92521)

机构地区：[1]山东大学—加州大学河滨分校

出　　处：《当代外国文学》2025年第1期156-163,共8页Contemporary Foreign Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“当代美国少数族裔传记文学中的生命政治研究”(20BWW062)的阶段性成果,并得到中国国家留学基金资助。

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,西方文学批评领域的动物研究迅猛发展,呈现出“动物转向”的趋势,并逐渐形成“动物研究”这一独立的批评范式。动物研究先后历经了内外两个层面的转向:外部转向指的是由哲学领域的动物研究拓展到文学领域,以及生态批评领域由人与自然具体到人与动物的关系研究;内部转向则体现在动物研究的对象由实体动物到修辞性动物,主题从伦理批判到文化再现批评的转向。这些转向体现了动物研究从强调动物之于人的价值到承认动物自身价值的跨越性转变。然而,动物研究不管历经何种转向,都难以企及叙事的完全去人类化,无法达到对动物终极意义上的理解。尽管如此,这一范式对于了解动物、改善人与动物之间的关系以及审视人类自身仍具有重要意义。Since the 1980s,animal studies in Western literary criticism has rapidly developed,bringing about an“animal turn”and gradually forming an independent critical paradigm known as“animal studies.”Animal studies has experienced two major turns:an external turn,which refers to the extension of animal studies from philosophy to literature and from broad human-nature relations to specific human-animal relations;and an internal turn,which is reflected in the turn of the object of animal studies from real animals to rhetorical ones,and the theme from ethical criticism to cultural representation.These turns reflect a transformative change in animal studies from emphasizing the value of animals to human beings to acknowledging the intrinsic value of animals.Despite these turns,it is difficult to completely dehumanize the narrative and therefore impossible to achieve an ultimate understanding of animals.Nevertheless,this paradigm aims at understanding animals,improving human-animal relationships,and examining human beings.

关 键 词：动物转向 动物研究 动物伦理 动物批评 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]