1990—2020年湖南省乡村聚落时空演变特征研究  

Research on the Spatial-temporal Evolution Characteristics of Rural Settlement Scale of Hunan Province from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：李婷婷[1] 冯达[1] 张志坚 Li Tingting;Feng Da;Zhang Zhijian(Hunan Institute of Geomatics Sciences and Technology,Changsha Hunan 410007)

机构地区：[1]湖南省测绘科技研究所,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《国土资源导刊》2025年第1期29-36,共8页Land & Resources Herald

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金项目(编号:2023JJ60558)。

摘　　要：乡村聚落作为乡村空间的物质载体,探究乡村聚落分布的演变历史和规律并探索其成因,是乡村聚落优化重组、乡村空间治理的重要基础。文章运用核密度分析和位序累积规模模型等方法,以县域为基本单元,对湖南省1990—2020年乡村聚落分布特征及规模等级体系开展动态研究。结果表明:(1)斑块数量总体增加,聚落总面积阶段性增减变化不一但总体增加。在空间上表现为平原稠密、山区稀疏,呈现出洞庭湖区密度最大、长株潭地区次之、湘南地区密度较低、湘西地区密度最低的空间分布格局。1990—2020年,湖南省乡村聚落核密度变化大的区域主要集中在洞庭湖区和长株潭地区。(2)乡村聚落体系发育成熟度还有待加强。湖南省县级行政单元乡村聚落体系β值低值较多,中、高值分布较少且集中。β值较高的区域集中在环洞庭湖平原的洞庭湖区和经济发达的长株潭地区。1990—2020年县域β值变化幅度较大的区域为长株潭地区,其次是湘西地区。在成因分析上,文章认为自然因素是乡村聚落发展的基础,社会经济的发展对乡村聚落的发展影响较大,而人文因素对乡村聚落具有一定的延续性影响。As the material carrier of rural space,exploring the evolutionary history and patterns of rural settlement distribution,as well as their causes,serves as a crucial foundation for the optimization and reorganization of rural settlements and the governance of rural space.This paper employs methods such as kernel density analysis and rank-size models,using county-level administrative units as the basic unit,to conduct a dynamic study on the distribution characteristics and scale hierarchy of rural settlements in Hunan Province from 1990 to 2020.The results indicate that:1)The overall number of patches has increased,and the total area of settlements has undergone varying degrees of increase and decrease over time but has generally expanded.Spatially,settlements are densely distributed in plains and sparsely in mountainous areas,exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern where the density is highest in the Dongting Lake region,followed by the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region,lower in southern Hunan,and lowest in western Hunan.From 1990 to 2020,areas in Hunan Province with significant changes in rural settlement kernel density were mainly concentrated in the Dongting Lake region and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region.2)The maturity of the rural settlement system remains to be enhanced.In county-level administrative units in Hunan Province,there are more lowβvalues in the rural settlement system,with fewer medium and high values,which are concentrated.Areas with higherβvalues are mainly in the Dongting Lake region surrounding the plain and the economically developed Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region.From 1990 to 2020,the county-level regions with significant changes inβvalues were the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region,followed by the western Hunan region.In terms of cause analysis,the study suggests that natural factors are the foundation for the development of rural settlements,socioeconomic development has a significant impact on the development of rural settlements,and human factors have a certain continuous influe

关 键 词：乡村聚落 乡村空间治理 湖南省 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]