玻色系统的基态布居数的近似计算  

APPROXIMATE EVALUATION OF THE GROUND OCCUPATION NUMBERS OF BOSE GASES

作　　者：侯吉旋 HOU Jixuan(School of Physics,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211189)

机构地区：[1]东南大学物理学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《物理与工程》2025年第1期25-28,共4页Physics and Engineering

基　　金：东南大学教学改革研究与实践面上项目(2022-072)。

摘　　要：在微正则系综中,将理想玻色系统划分为正常相和凝聚相两部分,且各相所占权重由熵极大条件确定。利用该二元近似,可以得到理想玻色系统的特征温度以及基态布居数随温度的变化关系。本文以三维自由空间中的理想玻色气体和一维谐振子势阱中的理想玻色气体为例演示了利用二元近似的求解过程,该结果与严格解十分接近。In the microcanonical ensemble,the ideal Bose system is divided into a normal part and a condensed part,with the weight of each part determined by the condition of maximum entropy.Using this binary approximation,the characteristic temperature of the ideal Bose system and the relationship between the ground state occupation number and temperature can be obtained.Taking the ideal Bose gas in three-dimensional free space and in a one-dimension-al harmonic oscillator potential as examples,this paper demonstrates the solution process by this binary approximation,and the results are very close to the exact solutions.

关 键 词：玻色气体 布局数 系综理论 

分 类 号：O414.1[理学—理论物理]