树木干旱死亡点预测及致死生理机制研究进展  

Research progress on the prediction of drought death point and the mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality

作　　者：邵畅畅 段洪浪 赵熙州 丁贵杰 SHAO Chang-Chang;DUAN Hong-Lang;ZHAO Xi-Zhou;DING Gui-Jie(Research Center for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou Province/Guizhou Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Tree Breeding,College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心/贵州省高原山地林木培育重点实验室,贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第2期221-231,共11页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金(U24A20431);国家自然科学基金(32260263);中央引导地方项目(黔科合中引地[2024]044)。

摘　　要：干旱导致树木死亡事件在全球范围内不断增加,近年国内外对干旱诱导树木死亡的机制研究有很多报道,然而引起这种死亡的确切机制还未完全明确,这增加了准确预测森林在未来气候变化下存活几率的不确定性。该文从死亡点预测、干旱致死生理机制等角度,综合分析了极端干旱事件诱发树木死亡的相关研究进展,明确了树木死亡是多个生理过程综合作用的结果。另外,以往通过视觉症状判断的死亡可能发生在树木死亡一段时间之后,导致错过最佳复水时期,使死亡无法避免。通过分析木质部栓塞程度、径向液流、细胞膜渗透率、形成层活性等生理变量在树木死亡过程的主要特征及发生的可能顺序,提出形成层活性丧失使树木发生不可逆转的死亡。因此,在探讨树木死亡机制时,量化形成层活性丧失率,对准确判断树木死亡时间至关重要,是值得研究的领域。该文对树木干旱致死研究领域提出的相应问题和研究方向,可为准确判断树木死亡事件并制定高效、适宜的应对未来气候变化的方案提供参考思路。With the global increase in tree mortality events caused by drought,there have been numerous reports on the mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality both domestically and internationally in recent years.However,the exact mechanism that causes tree mortality remains unclear,which increases the uncertainty of predicting the survival probability of forests under future climate changes.This review systematically analyzed the research progress related to tree death caused by extreme drought events,focusing the prediction of death point and physiological mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality.It highlighted that tree death was the result of multiple physiological processes.Furthermore,previous reports have shown that the death judged by visual symptoms may occur after the tree has already been dead for a period,leading to a lack of early warning signals and making the death inevitable.The review analyzed the main characteristics and possible sequence of physiological variables such as the degree of xylem embolism,radial flow,cell membrane permeability,and cambium activity in the process of drought-induced tree mortality.It suggests that the loss of cambium activity ultimately led to irreversible tree death.Therefore,when discussing the mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality,quantifying the loss rate of cambium activity is crucial for accurately determining the time of tree death,which is worth further studying.This paper also proposed relevant issues and research directions in the field of drought-induced tree mortality,providing reference ideas for accurately predicting tree death and formulating efficient and appropriate solutions to future climate change.

关 键 词：极端干旱 细胞损伤 形成层活性 径向液流 树木死亡 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]