东北碱化草甸芦苇匍匐型分株超速生长过程及生理机制  

Superior growth process of creeping ramets of Phragmites australis and its physiological mechanisms in an alkaline meadow in Northeast China

作　　者：韩大勇 李海燕[2] 张维 杨允菲 HAN Da-Yong;LI Hai-Yan;ZHANG Wei;YANG Yun-Fei(School of Biology and Geography Sciences,Yili Normal University,Yining,Xinjiang 835000,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Ministry of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第2期320-330,共11页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32171682和31472134)。

摘　　要：芦苇(Phragmites australis)是长根茎型克隆植物,是世界广布种,具有随着环境的变化改变其形态甚至生长型的可塑性与适应性。芦苇匍匐型分株是根茎伸出碱斑地面的一种特殊生长形式,该研究旨在探讨匍匐型分株的生长规律及形成机制。采用挂标签定期对分株生长跟踪测量、不同叶龄叶片光合生理测定和^(15)N同位素转移测定等方法,测定并分析了芦苇匍匐型分株超速生长的节律与格局、光合特性及分株间生理整合指标。结果表明:在碱斑极端生境,芦苇匍匐型分株与对照(直立型分株)有着不同的生长节律和格局。经过120 d生长,芦苇匍匐样本分株长度平均为(685.25±118.75) cm,在整个观测期间平均生长速率为(6.64±3.51) cm·d^(–1),是对照分株的15.4倍,呈先快速再减缓的对数异速生长过程;而对照呈相对稳定的线性同速生长过程。芦苇匍匐型分株顶部幼叶具有与壮龄级功能叶相同的最大光合生产能力,随着叶序增加,其叶片的净光合速率呈逻辑斯蒂曲线变化,对照则呈先增加再下降的二次曲线变化。匍匐型分株净光合速率的理论最大值也比对照高19.4%。经^(15)N同位素处理的匍匐型分株各器官^(15)N丰度均显著高于未处理的匍匐型分株。匍匐型分株是广布种芦苇在碱斑极端严酷生境形成的一种新的适应特征,顶端幼叶的高光合速率以及丛生化基生分株与匍匐型分株之间的生理整合过程,是匍匐型分株得以快速生长的物质基础。该研究拓展了对芦苇在极端生境适应的新认识,提供了以物质生产和生理整合为佐证解析匍匐分株快速生长的研究方法,具有重要的理论意义。Aims The reed(Phragmites australis)is a long-rhizomed clonal plant,which is distributed worldwide and has the plasticity and adaptability to change its morphology,even growth form with environmental change.The creeping ramets of reeds are a special growth form generated from their rhizomes extending out of alkaline soil patches.This study aims to explore the growth of creeping ramets and their underlying mechanisms.Methods Using methods such as regular tracking of ramet growth by hanging tags,measurement of photosynthetic physiology of leaves of different ages,and determination of ^(15)N isotope transfer,we measured and analyzed the growth rhythms and patterns of creeping reed ramets,their photosynthetic characteristics,and indicators of physiological integration between ramets.Important findings We found that in highly alkaline areas,reeds’creeping ramets displayed different growth patterns compared to control,upright ramets.After 120 days of growth,the creeping ramets had an average length of(685.25±118.75)cm,and their average growth rate during the observation period was(6.64±3.51)cm·d^(-1).This was 15.4 times faster than the control,upright ramets,indicating a logarithmic allometry growth process that started quickly but then slowed down.In contrast,the control ramets showed a relatively stable linear isogonic growth process.Young leaves at the top of the creeping ramets had the same maximum photosynthetic capacity as mature functional leaves.The net photosynthetic rate of leaves on the creeping ramets varied in a logistic curve with increasing leaf order,while the control ramets varied in a quadratic curve that first increased and then decreased.Moreover,the theoretical maximum net photosynthetic rate of creeping ramets was 19.4%higher than that of the control ramets.Creeping ramets treated with ^(15)N isotopes had significantly higher levels of ^(15)N abundance in various organs compared to untreated creeping ramets.Creeping ramets are a new adaptive feature of this widespread plant in extremely harsh

关 键 词：克隆植物 生理整合 ^(15)N同位素 分株生长型 同化物转移 极端生境 植物生态学 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]