孙中山亚洲想象中的朝鲜问题(1918—1925)  

The Korean Question in Sun Yat-sen's Asianist Vision(1918-1925)

作　　者：卢华 Lu Hua

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史研究》2025年第2期58-73,M0004,共17页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：对孙中山亚洲想象的探讨,离不开其中一个核心环节,即如何处置朝鲜。一战结束前后,孙中山顺应“民族自决说”,旗帜鲜明地提出朝鲜独立。五四运动之后的对日舆论与中国南北对立的政治局面,促使孙中山将山东问题与日本整体的对华政策及朝鲜问题结合起来,以朝鲜独立与中国的政治—社会革命相互配合作为解决东亚问题的关键。20世纪20年代初期,对援助的渴求让孙中山的广州政府与苏俄及共产国际越走越近,以缓解凡尔赛—华盛顿体系下双方的外交困局。在吸收列宁主义民族革命理论的过程中,孙中山调整了其早先的亚洲想象。一方面,他将中国、朝鲜置于被压迫的“弱小民族”阵营中,以弱小民族的解放政治作为未来东亚乃至世界革命的基础;另一方面,他又批判性地诠释历史上以中国为中心的宗藩—朝贡秩序,道德化历史上“事大字小”的宗藩传统和中朝互帮互助关系,借此服务于中国革命,并批判和重构日本各色“大亚洲主义”为标志的秩序愿景。Sun Yat-sen's Asianist vision revolves around a central issue:how to handle the Korean question.By the end of World War I,Sun had embraced the principle of national self-determination and explicitly advocated for Korea's independence.The anti-Japanese sentiment in the Republic of China,combined with the political situation of China's north-south confrontation following the May Fourth Movement,prompted Sun to link the Shandong issue with Japan's broader Asian policies and its stance toward China.In this context,Sun placed Korea's national independence and China's socio-political revolution at the heart of his strategy for resolving the East Asian problem.In the early 1920s,to gain external support,Sun's Guangzhou government aligned more closely with Soviet Russia and the Comintern,seeking to overcome the diplomatic challenges posed by the Versailles-Washington system.Drawing on Leninist theories of national revolution,Sun adapted his earlier Asianist vision.On one hand,he positioned China and Korea within the camp of the oppressed“weak and small peoples”(ruoxiao minzu),advocating for the politics of emancipation as the foundation for future revolutions in East Asia—and ultimately,the world.On the other hand,Sun criticized the traditionally Chinacentered tributary system,reinterpreting its moral basis of“serving the superiors and caring for the subordinates”to emphasize mutual support between China and Korea.By laying the foundation for a visionary regional order centered on the Chinese revolution,Sun's vision directly challenged the Japan-centered model of“Greater Asianism.”

关 键 词：孙中山 宗藩—朝贡体系 朝鲜问题 日本 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]