信息传播与权力格局:晚清政府电报文书的保密与泄密  

Information Dissemination and Power Structure:The Confidentiality and Leaks of Government Telegraph Documents in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王东 Wang Dong

机构地区：[1]宁波大学人文与传媒学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2025年第3期111-125,128,共16页Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国近代新闻通讯社史料搜集、整理与研究(1872-1949)”(项目编号:23&ZD216)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：电报技术进入晚清政府文书传递系统后,极大提高了官方信息传递效率。由于电报通信中易出现泄漏问题,保密就至为重要。晚清政府电报文书保密经历了一个逐步加强的过程。19世纪末,清政府电报保密措施较为简单,致使密电时有泄漏。庚子事变中,一些官员通过阅看密电操纵信息传播,对清廷权力构成巨大挑战。新政前期,清政府采取改变电报局管理、缩短密码本更换周期等措施,以期提高通信安全,加强统治权力,只是成效有限。官电仍被频繁泄漏于外国人、报馆等。1908年后,清政府虽然不断强化保密能力,但是由于内部人员腐败,仍未能解决密电泄漏问题。清政府试图从管控信息传播角度重建一个强有力中央集权政府的愿望最终未能实现。The introduction of telegraph technology into the Late Qing government's document transmission system significantly improved the efficiency of official communication.However,the susceptibility of telegraph communication to leaks made confidentiality a critical concern.The Qing government gradually strengthened its telegraph security measures over time.In the late 19th century,telegraph confidentiality measures were relatively rudimentary,leading to frequent leaks of sensitive information.During the 1900 Incident,some officials exploited access to secret telegrams,manipulated information dissemination,thereby challenging central authority.In the early phase of the New Policy Reform,the Qing government attempted to enhance security by restructuring telegraph office management and shortening the codebook replacement cycle.However,these measures had limited success in improving communication security or consolidating ruling power.Official telegrams continued to be leaked to foreign entities and new spapers.After 1908,the Qing government intensified efforts to strengthen telegraph confidentiality.Nevertheless,internal corruption persisted,preventing effective control over information dissemination.This failure ultimately undermined the government's ambition to reestablish a strong centralized authority.

关 键 词：晚清政府 电报 权力 信息安全 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]