中国自然灾害次生突发环境事件特征分析  

Analysis of Characteristics of Secondary Unexpected Environmental Occurrence Induced by Natural Disasters in China

作　　者：徐翔宇 周夏飞 王文松 徐泽升 曹国志 XU Xiangyu;ZHOU Xiafei;WANG Wensong;XU Zesheng;CAO Guozhi(Center for Environmental Risk and Damage Assessment,Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100041,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Identification and Restoration,Beijing 100041,China;State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境规划院生态环境风险损害鉴定评估研究中心,北京100041 [2]国家环境保护生态环境损害鉴定与恢复重点实验室,北京100041 [3]地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室(成都理工大学),成都610059

出　　处：《地质灾害与环境保护》2025年第1期121-128,共8页Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation

基　　金：长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0201);四川省中央引导地方科技发展项目(2023ZYD0151)。

摘　　要：自然灾害已成为中国突发环境事件的第三大诱因。通过对2006-2020年期间中国由自然灾害诱发的突发环境事件的收集梳理、统计分析,从诱因类别、变化趋势、空间分布等方面揭示了相关事件的演变特征。结果表明:2006-2020年,全国共发生自然灾害次生突发环境事件80起,较大以上事件占比高达30.1%,36.1%的事件影响了正常的取供水;事件数量总体呈下降趋势,以地质地震灾害、水文气象灾害、生物灾害3类诱因为主,事件数量分别占27.5%、36.3%、36.3%;“十三五”以来地质地震灾害、水文气象灾害已成为事件的主要诱因,合计占比90%,生物灾害次生事件得到有效控制;自然灾害的时空变化与其次生突发环境事件的时空分布特征相吻合,高发时期和区域呈一致性。当前,中国自然灾害次生突发环境风险底数不明、应对体系尚未完善,还需主动开展综合性的风险调查评估,加强法律法规及应对体制机制建设,构建全链条自然灾害次生突发环境风险防控与应对体系。Natural disasters have become the third leading cause of unexpected environmental occurrrences in China.By systematically collecting,collating,and statistically analyzing such emergencies triggered by natural disasters from 2006 to 2020,this study reveals their evolutionary traits in terms of disaster categories,temporal trends,and spatial distribution.The results show that a total of 80 secondary sudden environmental incidents induced by natural disasters occurred nationwide during 2006-2020,with 30.1%classified as"major"or higher severity.Approximately 36.1%of these incidents disrupted normal water supply systems.The overall number of incidents exhibited a declining trend,primarily driven by geological/earthquake disasters(27.5%),hydrometeorological disasters(36.3%),and biological disasters(36.3%).Since the 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020),geological/earthquake and hydrometeorological disasters have emerged as dominant triggers,jointly accounting for 90% of incidents,while secondary biological disaster-induced events have been effectively controlled.The spatiotemporal variations of natural disasters align with the distribution patterns of their secondary environmental incidents,demonstrating consistency in high-risk periods and regions.Currently,challenges persist in China,including unclear baseline risks of secondary environmental emergencies caused by natural disasters and incomplete response frameworks.To address these issues,proactive comprehensive risk assessments,strengthened legal and institutional frameworks,and an integrated prevention-response system for managing secondary environmental risks from natural disasters are urgently needed.

关 键 词：突发环境事件 自然灾害 诱发因素 时空分析 次生事件 

分 类 号：X507[环境科学与工程—环境工程]