2017—2023年河南省鹤壁市手足口病流行病学及病原学特征  

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease in Hebi,Henan,2017-2023

作　　者：李士超 赵兰兰 杜颖皎 李亚南 LI Shichao;ZHAO Lanlan;DU Yingjiao;LI Yanan(Hebi Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Hebi,Henan 458030,China)

机构地区：[1]鹤壁市疾病预防控制中心,河南鹤壁458030

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2025年第3期189-192,200,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的分析河南省鹤壁市2017—2023年手足口病流行特征,为完善手足口病防控工作提供依据。方法收集2017—2023年鹤壁市手足口病例资料、疫苗接种情况和病原学检测结果,通过描述流行病学方法分析数据,用空间聚集性方法分析描述地区聚集情况。结果2017—2023年鹤壁市累计报告手足口病例5190例,年均报告发病率为45.99/10万,其中2018年最高,为119.53/10万,2021和2022年最低,为7.85/10万,发病总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1368.300,P<0.05);发病呈单峰分布,2017—2019年发病峰值为5月,2020—2023年分别为8、12、6、7月;2017—2023年主聚集区为淇滨区、淇县、山城区,聚集时间为2018年4—7月;男性高于女性,发病年龄主要为5岁以下,占88.81%,学生和托幼儿童构成比呈上升趋势(学生χ^(2)_(趋势)=10.757,P<0.05;托幼儿童χ^(2)_(趋势)=11.184,P<0.05)。2020年及以后未再检测出EV71,Cox A16和其他EV交替成为鹤壁市手足口病优势毒株。2017—2023年首剂疫苗接种率和全程免疫完成率均呈上升趋势(首剂χ^(2)_(趋势)=5335.030,P<0.05;全程χ^(2)_(趋势)=4699.504,P<0.05)。结论2017—2023年鹤壁市手足口病发病率呈下降趋势,优势流行毒株为Cox A16和其他EV,建议加强手足口病监测,对其他EV进一步分型,做好重点人群及重点场所健康教育和健康促进工作,以进一步控制手足口病疫情的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)in Hebi City from2017 to 2023,so as to provide a basis for improving the prevention and control measures for HFMD.Methods Data on HFMD cases,vaccination rates,and etiological results in Hebi City from 2017 to 2023 were collected.Descriptive epidemiological methods and spatiotemporal scan analysis were used to analyze the data and describe regional aggregation.Results From 2017 to2023,Hebi City reported a cumulative total of 5190 cases of HFMD cases,with an average annual reported incidence rate of45.99/100000.The highest reported incidence rate was 119.53/100000 in 2018,and the lowest was 7.85/100000 in both 2021and 2022,showing a decreasing trend in the overall incidence rate(χ^(2)_(trend)=1368.300,P<0.05).The incidence showed a singlepeak distribution,with peak incidence in May during 2017-2019,and in August,December,June and July in 2020-2023,respectively.The main clustering areas of 2017-2023 were Qibin District,Qi County,and Shancheng District,with clustering times from April to July 2018.The incidence was higher in males than females,and the age of onset was mainly under 5 years old,accounting for 88.81%of cases.The composition ratio of students and nursery children was on increasing(studentsχ^(2)_(trend)=10.757,P<0.05;children in childcareχ^(2)_(trend)=11.184,P<0.05).EV71 was not detected after 2020,and Cox A16 and other enterovirus(EVs)alternated as the dominant strains of HFMD in Hebi City.The rates of the first dose of vaccine and the completion of the full course of immunization were increasing from 2017 to 2023(first doseχ^(2)_(trend)=5335.030,P<0.05;full doseχ^(2)_(trend)=4699.504,P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in Hebi City showed a downward trend from 2017 to 2023,with Cox A16 and other EVs being the dominant prevalent strains.It is recommended to strengthen HFMD surveillance,further characterize other EVs,and improve health education and promotion for key populations and place to further con

关 键 词：手足口病 流行特征 病原学 时空扫描分析 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]