释“南”  

Explanation of"South"

作　　者：冀震宇 Ji Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡4453007

出　　处：《南开学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期182-192,共11页Journal of Nankai university Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学项目(20VJXG006)。

摘　　要：甲骨卜辞中的“南”字最初由■上下两部分组成:■为天地交午的指示符;■为容器的拟像,先民认为容器与大地、女性的肚子是同一类比项,因而■也是大地四方的表征。“南”为先民大地母神崇拜的文字表述。天地交而生万物,故“南”字有怀妊、孕育之义,与任、妊音义相通。战国以后人们以五方配五行,为南方赋予“长养”的属性,只是对“南”之本义的重新开显。方位之“南”与季节之“夏”因为“长养”的属性产生了关联,进而与包括“有仍”“有缗”在内的“夏”之国族产生了关联。商立国后,被俘虏的夏之反叛势力被当作人祭的牺牲,称之为“南”;周初,来于夏之故地的音乐也称“南”。The character"南"(south)in Oracle Bone Inscriptions originally consisted of two parts:one representing the intersection of heaven and earth,and the other resembling a container.Early ancestors believed that containers were analogous to the earth and the female womb,thus"南"also represented the four directions of the earth.It was a written expression of the reverence for the Earth Mother Goddess.Since heaven and earth give birth to all things,the character"南"carries the meaning of pregnancy and nurturing,which is phonetically and semantically related to"ren"(任)and"ren"(妊).After the Warring States period,people assigned the five directions(五方)to the five elements(五行),attributing the characteristics of"nourishment and growth"to the south,which was a reinterpretation of the original meaning of"南".The directional"south"became associated with the seasonal"summer"(夏)due to their shared"nourishing"characteristic,further linking it with the"Xia"(夏)ethnic group,which included the terms"you reng"(有仍)and"you min"(有缗).After the establishment of the Shang Dynasty,the captured rebellious forces of the Xia were used as human sacrifices,referred to as"南"In the early Zhou period,music originating from the former Xia lands was also called"南".

关 键 词：南 任 天地交午 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语] H12