2023-2024年北京某中医院0~14岁儿童流感病毒感染监测报告  

Surveillance of influenza virus infection in children aged between 0 and 14 years old in a traditional Chinese medicine hospital of Beijing from 2023 to 2024

作　　者：赵琳琳 文洪林[1] 李敏[2] 王凤至 李梦 冯晓朦 田敬华[1] ZHAO Linlin;WEN Honglin;LI Min;WANG Fengzhi;LI Meng;FENG Xiaomeng;TIAN Jinghua(Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京中医医院检验科,北京100010 [2]首都医科大学附属北京中医医院儿科,北京100010

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2025年第6期914-917,共4页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：国家中医药管理局科技基金资助项目(2023zylcyj05-01)。

摘　　要：目的分析新冠病毒“乙类乙管”后0~14岁儿童甲、乙型流感病毒的感染特征。方法选取2023年1月-2024年2月在首都医科大学附属北京中医医院因流感样症状就诊并且进行甲、乙型流感病毒核酸检测的0~14岁儿童的临床资料共2349例为研究对象,采用卡方检验对流感病毒发病的性别、年龄和季节进行比较和分析。结果本研究共纳入2349例患儿,流感总阳性率为49.85%(1171/2349)。其中,甲型流感病毒阳性率为36.36%(854/2349),乙型流感病毒阳性率13.92%(327/2349),甲、乙合并感染的阳性率为0.43%(10/2349)。<5岁年龄组女童的甲流阳性率最高44.17%(χ^(2)=8.980,P=0.011),5~<10岁年龄组男童的乙流阳性率最高17.19%(χ^(2)=8.378,P=0.015)。甲型流感病毒阳性率在2023-2024年不同季节差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=268.12,P<0.001),好发于春季(60.93%)、秋季(44.40%)和冬季(22.01%)。乙型流感病毒阳性率在2023-2024年不同季节差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=373.16,P<0.001),好发于冬季(25.44%)。结论2023-2024年流感病毒好发于春、秋和冬季,以甲流发病为主。新冠病毒“乙类乙管”后0~14岁儿童流感病毒的阳性率较新冠病毒流行期间有所回升,流行高峰滞后。OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of influenza A and influenza B viruses infections in the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after COVID-19 was downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases.METHODS From Jan.2023 to Feb.2024,a total of 2349 children aged between 0 and 14 years old who were treated in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University due to influenza-like symptoms of infection and received nucleic acid testing for influenza A and influenza B viruses were recruited as the research subjects.The gender and age of the children as well as the seasons were observed by chi-square test.RESULTS Totally 2349 children were included in the study,and the total positive rate of influenza was 49.85%(1171/2349);the positive rate of influenza A virus was 36.36%(854/2349),the positive rate of influenza B virus was 13.92%(327/2349),and the positive rate of the mixed infections of influenza A virus and influenza B virus was 0.43%(10/2349).The positive rate of influenza A of the girls was the highest(44.17%)(χ^(2)=8.980,P=0.011)among the children aged less than 5 years old;the positive rate of influenza B of the boys was the highest(17.19%)(χ^(2)=8.378,P=0.015)among the children aged between 5 and 10 years old.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza A virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(χ^(2)=268.12,P<0.001);the prevalence rate was 60.93%in spring,44.40%in autumn,22.01%in winter.There was significant difference in the positive rate of influenza B virus among the seasons in 2023 to 2024(χ^(2)=373.16,P<0.001),and the prevalence rate was 25.44%in winter.CONCLUSIONS The influenza viruses are prevalent in spring,autumn and winter from 2023 to 2024,and the influenza A is dominant.The positive rate of influenza viruses shows an upward trend among the children aged between 0 and 14 years old after the COVID-19 is downgraded to category B management of infectious diseases,with the peak of prevalence lagging behind.

关 键 词：甲型流感病毒 乙型流感病毒 流行特征 儿童 呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]