固体氧化剂的防吸湿性能研究进展  

Design of anti-hygroscopic properties of oxidizer materials

作　　者：董洁 刘博 杨燕飞 南雪丽[1] 张俊平[2] DONG Jie;LIU Bo;YANG Yanfei;NAN Xueli;ZHANG Junping(College of Material Science and Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China;Research Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所,资源化学与能源材料研究中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《化工进展》2025年第3期1445-1453,共9页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所十四五重大突破项目(KJZLZD-4);国家自然科学基金(22305255)。

摘　　要：氧化剂材料在工业炸药、导弹以及固体推进剂等领域应用广泛,对工业社会的重要性不言而喻。然而,由于这些氧化剂材料具有高极性表面和特殊结构,因此这些材料极易吸湿,从而严重影响了其在固体推进剂中的性能和可靠性。为满足现代航天和导弹技术对推进剂高性能、高稳定性和高安全性的迫切需求,必须提高氧化剂的性能指标,以满足航天和导弹领域对动力源的严格标准。为此,本文首先介绍了氧化剂材料的分类、结构和化学组成,为后续的归纳概括提供了基础。其次,总结了氧化剂材料防吸湿方面的最新研究进展,进一步探讨了改进其防吸湿性能的方法。最后,通过对氧化剂材料在固体推进剂领域的优势和不足的分析,对氧化剂防吸湿性能研究给出了以下几点建议:深入研究氧化剂材料的分子结构和表面特性,引入纳米技术,开发复合氧化剂材料以及新型的表面涂层技术或封装工艺;综合考虑热稳定性、感度低以及与固体推进剂的其他组分(如黏合剂基体网络)的相容性等因素;着重关注其工业化生产和应用的可行性。这将大幅度提升氧化剂材料的性能,为我国航天和导弹等领域的发展提供保障。The widespread applications of oxidizer materials in industries such as industrial explosives,missiles and solid propellants underscore their undeniable importance for industrial society.However,due to the highly polar surfaces and unique structures of these oxidizer materials,they exhibit high susceptibility to moisture absorption,which significantly impacts their performance and reliability in solid propellants.Therefore,this paper first introduced the classification,structure and chemical composition of oxidizer materials,laying the groundwork for subsequent summarization.Secondly,the latest research advancements in moisture prevention of oxidizer materials were summarized for further exploring methods to improve their moisture resistance.Finally,after reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of oxidizer materials in the field of solid propellants,several suggestions for research on the anti-hygroscopic properties of oxidizers were offered:conducting an in-depth study of the molecular structure and surface properties of oxidizer materials;introducing nanotechnology and developing composite materials that enhanced these properties;exploring new surface coating technologies or encapsulation processes to improve oxidizer materials;taking into account factors such as thermal stability,low sensitivity and compatibility with other components of solid propellants(like adhesive matrix networks);and focusing on the industrial production and practical application feasibility of these advancements.This would significantly enhance the oxidizer material’s performance for the advancement of China’s missile and aerospace industries.

关 键 词：氧化剂 高氯酸铵 硝酸铵 二硝酰胺铵 防吸湿 

分 类 号：O613.61[理学—无机化学]